Unit2CriticalThinking批判性思维思辨KeynoteAddress—July23,2007ByRichardPaul,DirectorofResearchandProfessionalDevelopmentattheCenterforCriticalThinking,ChairoftheNationalCouncilforExcellenceinCriticalThinkingThe27thAnnualInternationalConferenceonCriticalThinking—July23—26,2007Berkeley,CAIncollegeeducationandindailylife,criticalthinkingisofvitalimportance、RichardPaul,inthefollowingsection,givesanenlighteningdiscussionoftheissue、Whatiscriticalthinking?Therearemanywaystodefineit、Itisasystemforopeningeveryexistingsystem、Itopensupbusiness,chemistry,andsportsliketennisandbasketball、Itopensupprofessionalpractice、Itopensupethnicsandenablesustoseethroughideology、Itenablesustoputthingsintointellectualperspective它让我们以知识得眼光瞧待事物、Asystemthatopensupsystemsisonewaytothinkofcriticalthinking、开发各种系统得系统,这就是瞧待批判性思维得一种方式。Hereisthefirstdefinitionofcriticalthinking、Or,criticalthinkingisthinkingthatanalyzesthought分析思想,thatassessesthought评估思想,andthattransformsthoughtforthebetter升华思想得思维、Hereistheseconddefinitionofcriticalthinking、There’sathirdwaytotalkaboutcriticalthinkingoverlappingandrelatedtotheothertwo、It’sthinkingaboutthinkingwhilethinkinginordertothinkbetter、Hereisthethirddefinitionofcriticalthinking、Everyonethinks、Wehavenochoiceaboutthat、But,noteverybodythinksabouttheirthinking、Andnoteveryonewhothinksabouttheirthinkingthinksaboutitwell、Youcanworryaboutyourthinking、Youcanthinkbadlyofyourthinking、Youcanbeembarrassedbyyourthinking、Youcanfocusonitinadysfunctionalway您可以以功能失调得方式关注您得思维—thatisnotcriticalthinking、Thismorning,let’sthinkaboutitasawayofthinkingthatenablesathinkertothinkregularlyatahigherlevelthanmostpeoplearecapableofthinking、Inotherwords,criticalthinking,asIamconceivingit,transformsthinkingintwodirections把思维导致两个方向、Youthinkmoresystematicallyasaresult、Andyouthinkmoreprehensivelyasaresult、Andinthinkingmoreprehensively,youthinkatahigherlevel、Notbecauseyouareatahigherlevelasaperson,butbecauseyouareabletoputthinkingintothebackgroundandseeit=thinkinginalarger,moreprehensiveframework