Lecture32Structurally,subordinateclausesmaybefinite,non-finiteorverbless.Afinitesubordinateclauseisonewhosepredicatorisafiniteverbphrase;whileanon-finitesubordinateclauseisonewhosepredicatorisanon-finiteverbphrase.Non-finitesubordinateclausesinclude:infinitiveclauses,-ingparticipleclauses,and-edparticipleclauses.1)Infinitiveclauses(introducedbyasif/though,soas,inorder,ratherthan,wh-words,etc.)e.g.:I’mwonderingwhethertopunishhimornot.Hedidn’tknowwhattodowithhisunfaithfulwife.Shestoodupinordertoseebetter.Heclearedhisthroatasiftospeak.Ratherthan/Soonerthanworkforothers,hestartedhisownbusiness.Sheexpectstobeflattered.Heofferedtohelp(to)repairthecar.Wouldyoulethimhaveatry?Isawherentertheclassroom.Iameagerforyoutomeetmyboyfriend.Itwasrudeofyoutopointather.Thesyntacticfunctionsofinfinitiveclauses:Tobeinvitedtospeakhereisagreathonorforme.(S)Themanthreatenedtokidnapthechild.(O)Whatyouneedtodois(to)givehimalittlepush.(SC)Shedoesn’tallowherhusbandtosmokeinthehouse.(OC)I’vegotane-mailtoanswertonight.(Post-modifier)Adverbials:HewentbacktoChinatostaywithhisparentsfortheSpringFestival.(Purpose)I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(Cause)Sheistooyoungtotakecareofherself.(Result)Ihurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.(Result)2)-ingparticipleclauses(introducedbyalthough,asif/though,though,evenif,once,unless,until,while,when/whenever,whether…or,etc.)e.g.:Hekeptmakinggestureswhilespeaking.Whenlookingoutofthewindow,Isawamanpass-ingthehouse.Shekeptsmilingandnoddingherheadfromtimetotimeasthoughunderstandingeverywordofthelecture.Thesyntacticfunctionsof-ingparticipleclauses:Seeingisbelieving.(S)(SC)Shedreadsgettingold.(O)Thankyouforcallingme.(PC)Ifeelsomethingcrawlingupmyleg.(OC)Thegirlstandingthereismysister.(Post-modifier)Hetookoutahandkerchief,blowinghisnosenoisily.(A)3)-edparticipleclauses(introducedbyasif/though,assoonas,evenif,while,if,though,unless,once,until,when(ever),where(ver),whether…or,etc.)e.g.:Workharduntiltoldtostop.Whenhea