第二讲APsalmofLife鉴赏·相关背景·亨利·沃兹渥斯·朗费罗，1807-1882，美国诗人。《人生礼赞》这首诗写于1838年,很快成为一首极富盛名的诗篇。此诗长达9节,以四步抑扬格写成。它是一首训教诗,哲理深刻,作者感叹生活的艰辛,劝勉人们要坚韧不拔,不要气馁,要振作,要奋斗,要有所追求,要有所作为,从而使人生的小舟在经过风暴的洗礼之后抵达理想的彼岸。《人生礼赞》这首诗自发表以来一直广为传诵,直到2000年还被当年的美国桂冠诗人与他人经广泛调查后选定,编入《美国人喜爱的诗》。本诗还是第一首被译为汉语的欧美诗歌,最早的译文距今已一百多年,赢得了无数中国读者的心。"APsalmofLife"isapoemwrittenbyAmericanwriterHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow"\o"HenryWadsworthLongfellow"HenryWadsworthLongfellowandwaspublishedinOctoberof1838.Itisapoemofencouragement,tellingthereadernottowastelife.Longfellowissuretoestablishthatlifeisreal,anditwillendsoon.Hewrotethispoematafairlyyoungage,yethehasadeepandaccurateinsightoflife.Thecontentofthepoemisnotespeciallyunique.Thespeakerisinvolvedinthefirstpersonperspective,whereheisdirectlyaddressingthereader.Thetoneisneitherpositivenornegative,butisstrictlyhonest.Thetoneremainsthesame"encouraging"stylefrombeginningtoend,andthereisnochangeoftone.Theonlytensionfoundinthepoemisthatbetweenlifeanddeath-Longfellowwritesabouthoweverylivingthingisaffectedbybothconflictingstatesofbeing.Thewordchoicein"APsalmofLife"wasobviouslycarefullypicked.Anadjectiveisneverrepeated,yetthepoemreadsperfectly.Eachwordhasitsownmeaning,anditsownuniquetakeonlife,andeverywordaddssomethingimportant,evenvital,tothe"life"ofthepoem.Therhythmalsoflowsflawlessly.Therhythmschemeisaneightsyllablelinefollowedbyasevensyllableline.Thepoemdoesnotstrayfromthatsimplerhythmonce.Imageryisthesolemethodofexpressioninthepoem.Longfellowpaintsawordpictureineachstanzathatallowsthereadertoseemoreclearlywhatheisdescribing.MetaphorsandSymbolismisrampant-infact,thepoemisalmostentirelycomprisedofthesethings.Theformofthepoemisverybasic.Eachstanzaisfourlineslong,makingthepoemaquatrain,andtherhymeschemefollowsthepattern"ABAB,CDCD,EFEF..."etc.foreachoftheninestanzas.Eachstanzaalsohasarecurrentrhythmpattern:8syllables,7syllables,8syllables,7syllables.Analyzingthepoemevendeeper,youwillnoticethateventhepunctuationplaysanimportantrole.Exclamation