必修检测题Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2014·合肥模拟)Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweight.Andlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’twellappreciated,”saidRebeccaG.Adams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Therearealotofthingsonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell-beingthanfamilyrelationships.”BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorafamilymember.Itisn’tentirelyclearwhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffect.Itmaybebecausepeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthemtothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavelowerestimatesofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknowneachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared.“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto,”saidKarenA.Roberto,directorof