高考英语社会类阅读理解及简析高考英语社会类阅读理解及简析Whydowomenearnlessthanmen?Womenearnlessthanmen.Forexample,in1988thehourlywagesofwomenintheU.S.were16%lessthanthoseofmen.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleincomesvarieswithage.Thegapbetweenthelaborincomesofyoungwomenandyoungmenismuchsmallerthanthatbetweenmiddle-agedwomenandmen.Itisalsoclearthatjobsinwhichwomenareconcentratedpayless.Thelargerthenumberofworkersinanindustrywhoarewomen,thelowertheaveragewages.Whydowomenearnlessthanmen?Arethedifferencesexplainedbythefactthatwomenarelookeddownupon?Ifso,thegovernmenthastointervene,toforcetheemployerstopayequalwagestoequaljobs.However,thereisnoagreementamongeconomistsaboutthecausesofthegap.Oneviewarguesthatwomenontheaveragehavechosenlow-payingjobsinwhichworkersenjoythefreedomofenteringandleavingthelaborforce,whichreducestheiryearsofexperiencerelativetomen.Otherpeoplesaythegapcanalsobeexplainedbythedifferenceineducationalbackgroundwhichisshowninthedifferenceinthemarginalproductbetweenmenandwomen.Muchofthegap,however,hasnotbeenfullyexplained.Itmightbetheresultofsomebiasagainstwomen.Itisthispartthathasproducedcallsforgovernmentaction.Whatwouldhappenifthegovernmentdidintervenetoincreasethewagespaidtowomen?Onepossibilityisthatincomesforwomenasagroupmightactuallydecline.Anincreaseinwagedecreasesthequantityoflaborinputdemanded,resultingindecreasedemploymentastherateofhiringnewworkersdeclines.Theresultwillbeasurplusoflabor.Thosewhocanfindjobsmightbebetteroffwhilethosewhohadjobsmightfindthemselvesoutofwork.1.Thedifferenceinlaborincomesismostobviousbetween_______.A.youngmenandyoungwomenB.youngwomeninthesameindustryC.middle-agedmenandmiddle-agedwomenD.middle-agedwomeninthesameindustry2.Someeconomistsbelievewomenearnlessthanmenpartlybecause______.A.womenarelessexperiencedthanmenB.womenareonlyprovidedwithlow-payingjobsC.womenhavemuchfreedominselectingtheirjobsD.thereismorethanenoughwomeninthelaborforce3.Whichofthefollowingcannotbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.Womenreceivelesseducationthanmen.B.Womenarenotasproduc