重点语法讲义及练习英语语法重点语法讲义及练习英语语法1.动词的时态和语态1．1动词的时态和语态一览表时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动被动doaredonedidweredonewilldowillbedone现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动被动aredoingarebeingdoneweredoingwerebeingdonewillbedoing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动被动havedonehavebeendonehaddonehadbeendonewillhavedonewillhavebeendone现在完成进行时主动被动havebeendoing1.2动词主要时态的意义及运用1)现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：uptonow,sofar,forthreeyears,since1995,overpasttenyears,bytheendofthisweek,bytheyearof1995汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g.Wehaven’tmeteachothersincelastyear.Bytheendofthisweek,we’llhavefinishedthetask.2)现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直e.g.Thewaterhasbeenrunningthewholenight.3)过去完成时a)said,reported,thought等引导的间接引语中。e.g.Hemissedthetrain.Hesaidhehadmissedthetrain.b)hardly…when,nosooner…thane.g.Nosoonerhadhegotupthanhereceivedthecall.c)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的`条件状语从句中e.g.IfIhadtriedharder,Iwouldhavewon.IwishIhaddonebetterintheexam.历年考题中的动词时态和语态1.Muchofthecarbonintheearth___(come)fromthingsthatoncelived.2.Inthepasttwodecades,research___(expand)ourknowledgeaboutsleepanddream.3.Someproverbs___(be)inthelanguagefor1,000years,forexample,Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.4.___(stand)atthegatewasayoungmaningreencoat.5.In1991,aftertheGulfWar,Bush’sapprovedratingreached91percent,thehighestlevelrecordedsincepolling___(begin)inthe19302.6.Seeingviolenceontelevisionorreadingaboutitinthenewspaperseveryday___(make)ustoleratecrimemorethanweshould.7.Sofar,Irving___(live)inNewYorkCityfortenyears.8.Thepatient___(send)toanotherhospitalbeforewegotthere.9.Thesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury___(witness)thefirstextendedtranslationintoEnglishofthewritingsofEliphasLevi.10.Alltheworriestheymighthavefeltforhim___(drive)offbythesightofhischeerfulface.Key:1.comes一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数2.hasexpanded现在完成时3.hasbeen现在完成时4.Standing过去进行时的倒装形式5.began一般过去时6.makes一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数7.hasbeenliving现在完成进行时8.hadbeensent过去完成时的被动形式9.witnessed一般过去时10.weredriven一般过去时的被动