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FoodandChemicalToxicologyxxx(2012)xxx–xxxContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectFoodandChemicalToxicologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtoxLongtermtoxicityofaRoundupherbicideandaRoundup-tolerantgeneticallymodifiedmaizea,aaaaGilles-EricSéralini⇑,EmilieClair,RobinMesnage,SteeveGress,NicolasDefarge,ManuelaMalatestab,DidierHennequinc,JoëlSpirouxdeVendômoisaaUniversityofCaen,InstituteofBiology,CRIIGENandRiskPole,MRSH-CNRS,EA2608,EsplanadedelaPaix,CaenCedex14032,FrancebUniversityofVerona,DepartmentofNeurological,Neuropsychological,MorphologicalandMotorSciences,Verona37134,ItalycUniversityofCaen,URABTE,EA4651,BdMaréchalJuin,CaenCedex14032,FrancearticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:ThehealtheffectsofaRoundup-tolerantgeneticallymodifiedmaize(from11%inthediet),cultivatedReceived11April2012withorwithoutRoundup,andRoundupalone(from0.1ppbinwater),werestudied2yearsinrats.InAccepted2August2012females,alltreatedgroupsdied2–3timesmorethancontrols,andmorerapidly.Thisdifferencewasvis-Availableonlinexxxxiblein3malegroupsfedGMOs.Allresultswerehormoneandsexdependent,andthepathologicalpro-fileswerecomparable.FemalesdevelopedlargemammarytumorsalmostalwaysmoreoftenthanandKeywords:beforecontrols,thepituitarywasthesecondmostdisabledorgan;thesexhormonalbalancewasmod-GMOifiedbyGMOandRounduptreatments.Intreatedmales,livercongestionsandnecrosiswere2.5–5.5Rounduptimeshigher.Thispathologywasconfirmedbyopticandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.MarkedNK603Ratandseverekidneynephropathieswerealsogenerally1.3–2.3greater.Malespresented4timesmorelargeGlyphosate-basedherbicidespalpabletumorsthancontrolswhichoccurredupto600daysearlier.BiochemistrydataconfirmedveryEndocrinedisruptingeffectssignificantkidneychronicdeficiencies;foralltreatmentsandbothsexes,76%ofthealteredparameterswerekidneyrelated.Theseresultscanbeexplainedbythenonlinearendocrine-disruptingeffectsofRoundup,butalsobytheoverexpressionofthetransgeneintheGMOanditsmetabolicconsequences.Ó2012ElsevierL
