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EmergencyDepartmentManagementofRadiationCasualtiesScopeofTrainingScopeofTraining(Cont.)IonizingRadiationTypesofIonizingRadiationMeasureofAmountofradioactivematerialIonizationinairAbsorbedenergypermassAbsorbeddoseweightedbytypeofradiationRadiationDosesandDoseLimitsRadioactiveMaterialHalf-Life(HL)PhysicalRadionuclideHalf-LifeActivityUseCesium-13730yrs1.5x106CiFoodIrradiatorCobalt-605yrs15,000CiCancerTherapyPlutonium-23924,000yrs600CiNuclearWeaponIridium-19274days100CiIndustrialRadiographyHydrogen-312yrs12CiExitSignsStrontium-9029yrs0.1CiEyeTherapyDeviceIodine-1318days0.015CiNuclearMedicineTherapyTechnetium-99m6hrs0.025CiDiagnosticImagingAmericium-241432yrs0.000005CiSmokeDetectorsRadon-2224days1pCi/lEnvironmentalLevelCausesofRadiationExposure/ContaminationScopeofEventTimeMinimizetimespentnearradiationsourcesKeyPointsContaminationiseasytodetectandmostofitcanberemovedItisveryunlikelythatEDstaffwillreceivelargeradiationdosesfromtreatingcontaminatedpatientsFacilityPreparationContaminatedWasteDetectingandMeasuringRadiationPatientManagement-PrioritiesPatientManagement-TriagePsychologicalCasualtiesPatientManagement-DecontaminationPatientManagement-Decontamination(Cont.)PatientManagement-Decontamination(Cont.)Radionuclide-specificMosteffectivewhenadministeredearlyMayneedtoactonpreliminaryinformationNCRPReportNo.65,ManagementofPersonsAccidentallyContaminatedwithRadionuclidesPatientManagement-PatientTransferFacilityRecoveryEstimatingtheseverityofradiationinjuryisdifficult.Signsandsymptoms(N,V,D,F):Rapidonsetandgreaterseverityindicatehigherdoses.Canbepsychosomatic.CBCwithabsolutelymphocytecountChromosomalanalysisoflymphocytes(requiresspeciallab)Treatsymptomatically.Preventionandmanagementofinfectionistheprimaryobjective.Hematopoieticgrowthfactors,e.g.,GM-CSF,G-CSF(24-48hr)IrradiatedbloodproductsAntibiotics/reverseisolationElectrolytesSeektheguidanceofexperts.RadiationEmergencyAssistanceCenter/TrainingSite(REAC/T
