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会计学一、作主语(zhǔyǔ)二、作宾语(bīnyǔ)(2)动词不定式做宾语,可此宾语后还有宾语补足语的,通常要用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置。(前页中无宾补)例如:wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.√wethinktoobeythelawsimportant.×(3)不定式作介词宾语当介词but、except、besides前面有行为动词do及其各种形式时,介词后面的不定式可以省略(shěnglüè)to,否则不省略(shěnglüè)。Whatdo(助动词不算)youliketodobesidesplayfootball?Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Theboyhashimownideaofhowtofinishit.(1)能带宾语补足语动词有,(一感)feelsbdo/doing(二听)listentosbdo/doinghearsbdo/doing(三让)letsbdo/doingmakesbdo/doinghavesbdo/doing(四看)lookat,see,watch,notice不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,强调动作的完成过程.(变成被动时,to要补上,如:Iheardhersingtoday=Shewasheardtosingtoday.(强调整个(zhěnggè)过程)Iheardhersingingatthattime.(我听到她正在唱歌)(2)能带宾补的动词还有considersth/sbtobe(宾补),expectsbtodo,tellsbtodo,wantsbtodo,warnsbnottodo,wishsbtodo,invitesbtodo等。区别Ihavesomeworktodo(定语,后讲).(去掉不定式对句义影响(yǐngxiǎng)不大)Themanagergethimtofinishthetaskontime(宾补).(去掉不定式,句义不完整)四、作定语(dìngyǔ)(2)如果作定语用的不定式是不及物动词,就要加上介词,使被修饰的这个(zhège)词成为这个(zhège)介词的逻辑宾语。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Pleasepassmesomepapertowriteon.(对比下上一页的)(3)上述不定式后加介词时,不能省略介词,但当修饰place,time,way时,介词可以省略。Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Thetimetoarrive(at)is8o’clock.Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(in)isonfoot.补充(难点)todo在什么时候下用主动形式表被动(1)IhavesomeworktodoIhavealettertobetyped.todo是前面一个名词(常是人)发出的动作;tobedone不是前面名词(人)发出的动作,是句子外的其他人发出的动作。试比较:Haveyouanythingtodothisafternoon?今天下午你有事要做吗?(todo是由you发出的)Haveyouanythingtobetakentoyourparents?你有要带给你父母的东西吗?(take这个(zhège)词不是you发出的)再如:Pleasegetmesomethingtoread.(read的发出者是me,已提到)He'llshowyoutherightpathtotake.(take的发出者是you,已提到)(2)(不定式前有性质形容词:难易(easy、difficult),轻重(light,heavy)、兴趣(interesting)、可能(possible)、安危(safe,dangerous)例如(lìrú):Thisisadifficultquestiontoanswer.toanswer可改为formetoanswer。再如:Itisaneasysentencetotranslate.这个句子很容易翻译。(3)There+be+n.+todo/bedone用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动式作定语,重点在物。例如:没有时间可以耽误。可译成:A,Thereisnotimetolose(tolose之前可加forsb(us)tolose,强调(qiángdiào)人);tobelost.(强调(qiángdiào)物)(谁losttime不明确)。B,Thereisnothingtodonow.(=Wehavenothingtodonow.)现在没事干(强调(