沪版英语课堂笔记(简单句基本句型)一、主语+不及动词Myheadaches.我头疼。Everybodylaughed.大家都笑了。二、主语+连系动词+表语Englishisveryeasy.英语很容易。Helookstired.他看上去是累了。三、主语+及物动词+直接宾语Shelikestheflowers.她喜欢这些花。Dadboughtacar.父亲买了辆汽车。四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Hetoldherthenews.他把这消息告诉了她。Hegavemeanapple.他给了我一只苹果。五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语Hetoldmetostayhome.他叫我呆在家里。Thesmellmadehimsick.这气味使他恶心。说明：上述各例都简化到了最低限度，在此基础上，我们可以加上一些修饰成分使句子变得更复杂，表达更丰富的内容。如：Infact,Englishisveryeasy事实上，英语很容易教。toteach.Shelikestheflowersverymuch.她非常喜欢这些花。Hetoldherthenewsonthehome.他把回家的路上这消息告诉了她。句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：1、基本句型的词序：2、划分符号(没有统一规定,仅供参考)：3、例句：Jimisworking[veryhard][now].（他现在正非常努力地工作。）Sheisyoung.（她年轻。）Itlookslikerain.（天看上去要下雨。）Theboy[always]kickedthedog[withhis（这feet].男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。）Hehas[never]boughtmeatoy[sincelast（从year].去年起他没给我买过一个玩具。）Hefeltsomething(cold)<movinguphis（他leg>.感到有个冰冷的东西顺着腿上爬。）4、英语词类与句子成分关系图：句子成分词类或短语主语*谓语宾语*表语*定语*状语*宾语补足语名词√√√×√√√√√√×√代词√√√×√√√√√√√××形容词×××√√√√√√×√√数词√×√√√√√×√动词时态语态形式×√√√×××××动词不定式√√×√√√√√√√√√动名词√√×√√√√√××动词现在分词×××√√√√√√√动词过去分词×××√√√√√√副词×××√√√√√√介词短语×××√√√√√√[注释]1、“√”表示某种词类可以充当某个成分,“√√”表示某种词类经常充当某个成分,“√√√”表示某种词类最经常充当某个成分。“×”表示某种词类不能充当某个成分。2、“*”表示该成分可以由从句充当,如主语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。沪版英语微测试(10分钟)Choosethebestanswer:Thetraditionofbirthdaypartiesstartedalongtimeago.Therearesometraditionsthatyoucanfindalmostanywhere,anytime,suchassendingbirthdaycards,blowingoutthecandlesonabirthdaycakeandsingingthe‘HappyBirthday’song.Othersareonlyfoundforcertainagesandincertaincountries.InChina,onachild’ssecondbirthday,familymembersputmanythingsontheflooraroundthechild.AccordingtoChinesetradition,thefirstthingthatthechildpicksuptellsyouwhatprofessionthechildwillchooselaterinlife.ForJapanesechildren,thethird,fifthandseventhbirthdaysareespeciallyimportant.Atthisage,thereisaspecialcelebrationShichi-Go-San(seven,five,threeinJapanese)whenchildrengotothetemplewearinganewkimono和服().Thepriest僧侣()givesthemspecialsweets,andtheparentsusuallyorganizeapartyforthei