00015英语二重点语法(结合考题解说)综合英语(二)常考语法为:名词单数变复数,定语从句,虚拟语调,反意疑问句,非谓语动词,时态,名词性从句,形容词副词比较级,主谓一致,倒装等等。下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细有重点解说。名词1.大多数集体名词可作单数,也可作复数,如:army,audience,class,committee,crew(全体船员,乘务员),crowd,faculty,family,government,group,orchestra,team,union等。强调节体时谓语动词用单数,强调个体时谓语动词用复数。如:Thegovernmentispayingcloseattentiontoeconomicdevelopment.Thegovernmentarehavingaheateddiscussiononthismatter.2.有些名词形式为复数,却用作单数,如:electronics(电子学),mathematics(数学),optics(光学),politics,statistics(记录学),economics(经济学),physics等。例如:Linguisticsisadifficultsubjecttostudy.3.名词作定语时,除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外,其他修饰词不能变成复数。例如awomanteacher----twowomenteachersamandoctor----twomendoctorsagirlstudent----fivegirlstudentsaboystudent----sixboystudents4.复合名词复数只把其中所包括主体名词变成复数。如:looker(s)-on,runner(s)-up,sister(s)-in-law,editor(s)-in-chief,passer(s)-by,grand-child(ren),shoelace(s),bloodtype(s)等。5.如果没有主体名词,就在最后一种词上加复数词尾。如:go-between(s),drawback(s),grown-ups“Of+抽象名词”相称于形容词Ofinterest----interestingOfimportance---importantOfvalue---valuableOfnecessity---necessaryOfpossibility---possibleOfgreatimportance---greatlyimportant/veryimportantOfnovalue---valueless牢记invaluable=priceless这里重要讲一下不定代词some和any。普通some用于必定句,any用于疑问句和否定句。但在下列状况下例外:(1)在表达祈求、建议时,some及其派生词可以用于疑问句。如:Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Cansomebodycomeandhelpme?Couldyoulendmesomebooks?Whydon’tyoubuysomeflowersforherbirthday?注意“any+单数名词”和“anyother+单数名词”区别。当前用两个例子进行阐明。ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.(ChinabelongstoAsia.)ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.(ChinadoesnotbelongtoAfrica.)(2)any及其派生词用于必定句时,起强调作用,意思是“任何……”.如:Youcancomeanydayyoulike.你哪天来都行Heistallerthananyoftheotherboysintheclass.(anyoftheotherboys=anyotherboy)形容词和副词如下状况形容词惯用于后置定语:1)某些表语性形容词要后置,如:present(到场,出席),available,involved,concerned,etc。2)形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything时要后置。例如:Therewassomethingwrongwithher.Icameacrossatrickyquestionhardtoanswer.Iwonderediftherewasaroomavailable.注意enough位置:enough修饰名词时放在名词前后均可,修饰形容词或副词时要放在背面。如:enoughwater/waterenoughc