05年12月英语四级考试最后模拟试卷及答案05年12月英语四级考试最后模拟试卷及答案PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatistherelationbetweenthecodeandculturewhichcreatesit,andwhichittransmitstothenextgeneration?Linguistsintheanthropologicaltraditionhadtriedtoestablishlinkswithmeaningsexpressedlexically:Eskimowordsfor‘snow’,Arabicwordsfor‘camel’andsoon.Yetvocabularyonly‘reflects’culturebycourtesyof(蒙...提供)itsinternalorganizationasawhole;andtheassertionthat“because'camels'areimportanttotheArabs,thereforetheyhavealotofdifferentwordsfor'them'”isastatementasmuchaboutEnglishasaboutArabic.PresumablynothingismoreimportantthanricetotheChinese;yetChinesehasasinglewordforriceanditmeansvariousotherthingsbesides.Chinesehappenstobeatypeoflanguagethatfa­vorsgeneralnouns.Astheessentialmediumforpeopletoorganizeandconveytheirideas,languageisnolon­gerwhatitseemedtobeforthetraditionallinguistswhousedtothinkoflanguageassimplefor­malcodes.Itisalsocloselyrelatedtothecontext,socialoranthropological,inwhichthecom­municationtakesplace.Todaymostlinguistscometorealizethatlanguageisanimportantcom­ponentofculture.Itdeterminesnotonlytheforminwhichideasaretransmitted,butalsothemethodwithwhichthecontentoftheideasareorganized.Inthisperspective,languageisalsoacommunicativebaseonwhichmembersofaspeechcommunityformtheirideasinawaythatisreadilycomprehensibletoothermembersofthatcommunity.Itisalsoregardedaspartofculturethatisrelatedtootherfieldsofhumanity(人类)studies.Butwhatismerelycomic(滑稽的)whenappliedtolexics(词汇学)becomesseriouslymis­leadingwhenappliedtogrammar.AsWhorfpointed50yearsago,itisnaiveanddangeroustotakeisolatedgrammaticalphenomenaandtrytorelatethemtofeaturesofaculture.Whenlin­guistsrecognizedthis,theirresponsewastoavoidthelanguage/cultureissuealtogether,thusclosingthedooronanimportantareaofresearch.Thatthereisarelationshipbetweenacodeandtheculturethatengenders(造成)itisbeyondquestion;butitisanextremelycomplexandabstractone.36.Thefirstparagraphmainlydiscusses_____.[A]theearlyhistoryofhumanlanguage[B]howimportantwor