中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案(单项选择名词)第页2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案(单项选择名词)一、名词表示人或事物的名称。按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。1.表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月等专有名词,开头第一个字母要大写。2.由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。如：theUnitedStates。分类含义示例专有名词表示特定的人、地方、事物、机构等名词的统称April,China,theGreatWall,theGreatHallofthePeople普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball,dog集体名词表示若干个体组合成的集体family,police,class,group,team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice,glass,mutton,bridge,paper.air,wood,wool,wheat,steel抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词knowledge,danger,health,life,homework,interest,love二、名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。1.可数名词：表示能够以数计算的事物的名词。可数名词有单数和复数的区别,表示一个时用单数,多于一个用复数。如：acat;twobirds;manypeople。(l)名词复数的规则变化构成方法例词一般在词尾加一sdesk—desks,mile—miles,bridge—bridges,horse—horses以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加esglass—glasses,box—boxes,brush—brushes,watch—watches以th结尾的词加sbath—baths,path—paths,mouth—mouths,month—months以o结尾的词加s或espiano—pianos,photo—photos,radio—radioshero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoeszero—zero(e)s,motto—motto(e)s以y结尾的词以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加esfactory—factories,country—countriesquality—qualities.ability—abilities以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加smonkey—monkeys,toy—toys以f或fe结尾的词f，fe变为v再加eswolf—wolves,wife—wives,leaf—leaves,knife—knives个别词直接加sgulf—gulfs,belief—beliefs,roof—roofs个别有两种复数形式scarf—scarfs/scarves(2)名词复数的不规则变化构成方法例词复合名词一般情况下只变词尾bedroom—bedrooms,highway—highways把中心词变为复数looker-on—lookers-on；passer-by—passers-by没有中心词将最后一个词变为复数形式grown-up—grown-ups.go-between—go-betweens由man或woman构成的复合名词变复数时，man或woman写其他名词都要变为复数aman-doctor—twomendoctors,awomanteacher—threewomenteachers特殊名词改变内部元音foot—feet,tooth—teeth,man—men词尾加en或renox—oxen,child—children单、复数同形sheep—sheep,deer—deer,fish—fish(3)复合名词的复数形式①只将主体名词变为复数形式。如：abananatree----somebananatreesaboystudent-----someboystudents②复合名词中两个名词都变成复数形式,但第一个名词必须是man或woman。如：amandoctor—twomendoctorsawomanteacher—threewomenteachers注意：可用下列单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如：‘some,(a)few,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,many例题1Ican'tunderstandthemeaningofthepassagethoughthereare______newwordsinit.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle【解析】Afew,afew修饰可数岩词