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英英释义VerticallineContourLeveling词汇汉译英地理信息系统地图学等高线大地水准面高程电子测绘仪经纬仪十字丝放样照准部水准测量全站仪方位角准确度卫星测距词汇英译汉GeomanticGeodesyPhotogrammetryAerialphotographFieldworkHorizontalsurveyLatitudePlumblineMeansealevelTacheometryLevelstaffVerticalcircleCounterclockwiseTopographyLevelsurfaceStadiahairPrismPrecisionRandomerrorGPSreceiver句子英译汉Itisprocessedandmanipulatedwithstate-of-the-artinformationtechnologyusingcomputersoftwareandhardware.Ithasapplicationsinalldisciplineswhichdependonspatialdata.Oncethepositionsandattributesofgeographicentities（实体）havebeendigitizedandstoredincomputermemory,theyareavailableforusebyawidevarietyofusers.Landsurveysaretheoldesttypeofsurveyandhavebeenperformedsinceearliestrecodedhistory.Constructionsurveysaremadeforpurposesoflocatingstructuresandprovidingrequiredelevationpointsduringtheirconstruction.Tojudgetheexacthorizontalline,weshouldmovetapeupanddownalongtheplumplineandwewillfindthechangesofreadinginthetape.Ifthedistanceislongerthanthelengthoftape,thenwecandividethedistanceintoseveralsegmentsandgetthetotaldistancebypluseachsegmenttogether.Sincedifferenttapeshavedifferentstartsofzeroofthetapes,itisimportanttojudgewherethezeroofthetapebegins.VerticalLineisalinethatfollowsthedirectionofgravityasindicatedbyaplumbline.Aspiritlevelisusedtofixthelineofsightofthetelescope.RandomErrorsareintroducedintoeachmeasurementmainlybecauseofhumanandinstrumentimperfectionsaswellasuncertaintiesindeterminingtheeffectsoftheenvironmentonmeasurements.Ifaquantityismeasuredseveraltimesandthevaluesobtainedareveryclosetoeachother，theprecisionissaidtobehigh.TheGPSreceiveronthegroundistheunknownpoint，andmustcomputeitspositionbasedontheinformationitreceivesfromthesatellites.Whenthetwospheresintersect，acircleisformed，soitmustbesomewhereonthatcircle.Inaddition，boththeL1andL2GPSsignalswouldbemadeavailabletocivilusersandanewcivil10.23MHZsignalwouldbeauthorized.段落英译汉Thescienceandtechnologyofacquiring,storing,processing,managing,analyzing
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