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RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生HenryDavidThoreau梭罗Abroad,philosophicalmovementinNewEnglandduringtheRomanticera（peak：1836-1855）thefirstAmericanintellectualmovement.StartedbyagroupofpeopleintheTranscendentalClubinthe1830swhopublishedtheirviewsinthejournalTheDialTranscendentalistbelievedinstinctorintuitionisthedeepestlevelofman’ssoul.Theytriedtofindtruththroughfeeling,ratherthanthroughlogic.Sotheywritenotinalogicalway.Wecansaytheyformedamovementoffeelings&beliefsratherthanasystemofphilosophy.''Theworldshrankitselfintoadropofdew.''世界将其自身缩小成为一滴露水"Believeyourself""Apersonmustbeabletobecomewhathewantstobe"ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalists1.至善absolutegood2.纯洁无暇unspottedinnocenceofnature3.人具有神性humanitywasgodlikeandthatevilwasnonexistentappearedtobeanoptimisticfollySources1.欧洲浪漫主义文学【theromanticliteratureofEurope】2.新柏拉图主义【neo-Platonism】3.德国理想主义哲学【Germanidealisticphilosophy】4.东方神秘主义【Orientalmysticism】Weaknesses爱默生RalphWaldoEmersonRalphWaldoEmersonRalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)Nature.ItistheBibleoftranscendentalists.ItcontainsalmosteverythingEmersonwantstosayintherestofhislife.Hislaterworksweremostlytoillustratethebook.“AmericanScholar”:American’sdeclarationofintellectualindependence.(todevelopAmerican’sownculture)HenryDavidThoreauHeisbestknownforhisbookWalden,areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundings,andhisessay,CivilDisobedience,anargumentforindividualresistancetocivilgovernmentinmoraloppositiontoanunjuststate.Walden“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.”Thankyou!
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