**现在完成时**构成：现在完成时是由助动词have（has）过去分词否定句：在have/has后加not.一般疑问句：把have/has提到主语前.动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样）不规则变化不规则变化：am/is-was-beenare-were-beenbegin-began-begunbreak-broke-brokendo-did-donedraw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunkdrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownforget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-givengo-went-gone完成时态的分类1“影响”表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.(多数需要结合上下文语境）Eg.Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)影响近的影响远的影响经历eg.Ihavevisitedyourfactorybefore.与其搭配的时间状语：just（刚刚）,already（已经）,before,yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还）never,ever1.for（段时间）,since（过去点时间）2.到目前为止/迄今：sofar,tillnow,uptonow3.最近几个日、月、年以来：thesedays,in/over/duringforthelast/pastfewyears/months/weeks/days,throughyears…动词延续性动词非延续性动词的否定时态或转换为延续性动词2.非延续性动词也称终止性动词，瞬间动词，表示动作瞬间完成例如：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry…3.非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换1.延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.2.come/go—be(in)leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havedie—bedeadgettoknow—knowbegin—beonopen—beopenclose—beclosedarrive–behere/theremarry/getmarried(to)—bemarried(to)fallasleep/gettosleep—beasleepjointheParty—beintheParty/beamemberof√1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()注意二.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法：1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。持续Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。影响Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”影响----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。三.一般过去时和现在完成时的区分用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Mary_______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?2.______you______(find)yourwatchyet?3