Chinese-EnglishBilingualTeachingForLogistics&SupplyChainManagementLICTthecollectionanalysisandevaluationofdatathetransferofinformationFlowsofinformationinlogisticsandsupplychainsThetimingandqualityoftheinformation组织的管理层次和业务流Therearedifferentlevelsofinformationrequiredinlogistics.Thesedifferentlevelsandfunctionscanbeidentifiedasthestrategic,tacticalandoperationallevels.InformationatthestrategiclevelPurchasing:e.g.informationaboutalternativesuppliersProduction:e.g.informationtohelpdetermineproductrangesInventory:e.g.informationtohelpdecideonformatofstockholdingWarehousing:e.g.informationtohelpindecidingonusinganown-accountoperationorthirdpartycontractorsTransportation:e.g.informationtohelpindecisiontobuyorleasevehiclesMarketing:e.g.informationondemographicpatternsInformationatthetacticallevelmedium-toshort-termplanningforecasting,schedulingandresourceplanning.middlemanagersPurchasing→assistwithorderschedulingProduction→assistindecidingrunlengthsInventory→assistinsettingstocklevelsWarehousing→resourcelevelsneededTransportation→routingandschedulingandprovisionMarketing→assistinplanningseasonalordersInformationattheoperationallevelshorter-termtominute-by-minutedecisionscontingenciesandchangesfirstlinemanagementandoperativesPurchasing→helpdecidewhentoplaceorderswithsuppliersProduction→release(出库)ofrawmaterialsfromstockInventory→schedulingsupplierordersWarehousing→pickinglistsTransportation→deliverynotesMarketing→orderreceivingManyofthetechniquesinlogistics,relyontheelectronicgatheringandmanipulationofdata.Electroniccommunicationenablesautomaticdecision-making,themodelingofproposedchanges,automatictrackingcontrol,automaticgenerationofperformancemonitoringandcontrol.ModelingproposedchangesProposed（所提议的，建议的，alternative）changestooperationsandnetworkscanbemodeledsothattheeffectscanbeassessedandthendecisionstaken.acompanymaywishtochangethewayitschedulesitsvehicleoperations.AutomatictrackingcontrolAutomatictrackingcontrolofvehicles,loadsandasse