Chapter1TheBasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary1、TheDefinitionofaWordLexicologyfocusesonthestudyofmeaningsandoriginsofwords.Accordingtosemanticists（语义学家）,awordisaunitofmeaning.Awordisaminimal（最小的）freeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction（句法功能）.2、VocabularyAllthewordsinalanguagemakeupwhatisgenerallyknownasitsvocabulary.3、SoundandMeaningTherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningisnologic4、SoundandFormTherewasmoreagreementbetweensoundandforminOldEnglishthaninModernEnglish.Withthedevelopmentofthelanguage,moreandmoredifferencesarosebetweensoundandform.5、ClassificationofWordsNo.ClassificationExampleNotes1ByusefrequencyBasicWordStock（基本词汇）Thebasicwordstockformsthecommoncore（共合）ofthelanguage.Pronouns（代词）andnumeralsaresemanticallymonosemous（单一的）andfairlylimitedintherespectofproductivity（多产性）andcollocability（搭配性）.Themostimportantfeatureofthebasicwordstockisallnationalcharacter.NonbasicVocabularyArchaisms（古词语）：thouNeologisms（新词）：AIDSArgot（黑话）：persuader(meansdagger)TechnicalTerms2Bynotion（有无实义）ContentWords（实义词）FunctionalWords3ByOriginNativeWordsBorrowedWordsDenizens（同代词）：port、shirtAliens（非同代词）：décorTranslationLoans（译借词）:lama（喇嘛）4ByMorphology（形态）SimpleWordsCompoundsandDerivedWords6、简答（1）、Whatistherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning?Giveexamplestoillustrateit.Therelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningisarbitraryandconventional.Indifferentlanguages,thesameconceptcanbeshownbydifferentsounds.“Woman”,forexample,becomes“Frau”inGerman,“Femme”inFrenchand“funv”inChinese.Ontheotherhand,thesamesound[mi:t]isusedtomean“meet,meat,mete”,denotingdifferentthings.（2）、Whatarethefourmajorreasonsforthedifferencesbetweensoundandform?Thefirstreason(heinternalreason)isthattherearemorephonemes（音素）thanlettersinEnglish.Anotherreasonisthatthepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears.Thethirdreasonsthatsomeofthedifferencesmorecreatedbytheearlyscribes.Thefourthreasonistheborrowing.（3）、Howarewordsclassifiedinthecoursebook?Wordscanbeclassifiedb