Accordingtoencyclopedia，humanlanguagesareusuallyreferredtoasnaturallanguages，andthescienceofstudyingthosefallsunderthelinguistics(语言学)．Acommonprogressfornaturallanguagesisthattheyareconsideredtobefirstspoken，thenwritten，andthenanunderstandingandexplanationoftheirgrammarisattempted.Languageslive，die，movefromplacetoplace，andchangewithtime.Anylanguagethatceasestochangeordevelopiscategorizedasadeadlanguage.Inanoppositeway，anylanguagethatisinacontinuousstateofchangeisknownasalivinglanguageormodernlanguage.Makingaprincipleddistinctionbetweenonelanguageandanotherisusuallyimpossible.Forinstance，thereareafewdialectsofGermansimilartosomedialectsofDutch.Thetransitionbetweenlanguageswithinthesamelanguagefamilyissometimesgradual.Someliketomakeparallelswithbiology，whereitisnotpossibletomakeawell－defineddistinctionbetweenonespeciesandthenext.Ineithercase，thedifficultymaycomefromtheinteractionsbetweenlanguagesandpopulations.Asamatteroffact，therearesomeconceptsusedtomakebetterdistinctionsaboutthedegreesofdifferencebetweenlanguagesanddialects.1．佳句仿写①我把她当作我最好的朋友。②他被认为是班里最聪明的学生。③这本书和那本书内容相似。【答案】①Irefertoherasmybestfriend.②Heisconsideredtobe/astheclevereststudentintheclass.③Thisbookissimilartothatoneincontent.2．翻译佳句翻译画线句子。【答案】事实上，一些概念被用来更好地区别语言和方言之间不同的程度。