文采资料第页共NUMPAGES10页定语从句一、基本概念1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the，但在指“一个”概念时可用a,an。3．关系代词/关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why二、基本用法1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：关系代词从句中作用例句who指人作主语宾语（可省略）1．Thisisthegirlwho/thatteachesusEnglish.(who/that指人，修饰先行词thegirl，在从句中作主语)2．Heistheboywhom/who/thatImetyesterday.(whom/who/that指人，修饰先行词theboy在从句中作宾语，whom/who/that可省略。)whom指人作宾语（可省略）whose指人、物作定语3．Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisanengineer.（whose作定语，用来修饰人）4．Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.（whose作定语，用来修饰物，whosewindows=thewindowsofwhich或ofwhichthewindows）which指物作主语宾语（可省略）6．Thisisthebookwhich/thatIlostyesterday.(which/that指物，作宾语，可省略)7．Theclockisaninstrumentwhich/thatcantelltime.（which/that指物，作主语）8．Doyouknowthewomanthat/wholivesnextdoor?(that/who指人，作主语)that指人、物作主语宾语（可省略）as指物作主语、宾语可修饰整个主句9．ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.(as指物，在从句中作宾语)10．Asweallknow,TaiwanispartofChina.(as指代整个主句的内容)2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：a.在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。1.先行词是不定代词时，如:all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,few,much。1.Itoldhimall(that)Iknow.2.Hegavehereverything(that)hehad.2.先行词被all,every,any,thevery,theonly,thejust等修饰时。1.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2.Youcantakeanybook(that)youlike.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。1.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.2.Thesecondplace(that)IwanttovisitisShanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。1.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)werememberintheschool.2.Thepeopleandtheanimalsthatwerekilledintheearthquakehaveallbeenfound.5.在Who,Which引起的疑问句中。1.Whoistheboythathelpedyou?2.Whichisthebook(that)youboughtyesterday?6.若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。Heboughtabookwhichcouldgivehimknowledgeandthatcouldhelptokillthetime.7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.b.在以下几种情况下只使用which不用that。1.引导非限制性定语从句时。Ihavelo