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敦煌莫高窟英文介绍版权所有仅供参考------------孤夜寒飞25kmMogaoCaves(莫高窟)敦煌石窟Thefirstcavesweredugout366ADasplacesofBuddhistmeditationandworship、TheMogaoCavesarethebestknownoftheChineseBuddhistgrottoesand,alongwithLongmenGrottoes(龙门石窟)andYungangGrottoes(云冈石窟),areoneofthethreefamousancientBuddhistsculpturalsitesofChina中国三大石窟敦煌莫高窟HistoryTheconstructionoftheMogaoCavesnearDunhuangisgenerallytakentohavebegunsometimeinthefourthcenturyAD、AccordingtoabookwrittenduringthereignofTangEmpressWu,FokanJi(佛龕记)byLiJunxiu(李君修),aBuddhist(佛教得)monk(和尚)namedLèZūn(樂尊)hadavisionofathousandBuddhas(佛陀)bathedingoldenlightatthesitein366AD,inspiringhimtobuildacavehere、大家学习辛苦了,还是要坚持Thestoryisalsofoundinothersources,suchasininscriptions(碑文)onastele(石碑)incave332,anearlierdateof353ADhoweverwasgiveninanotherdocument、HewaslaterjoinedbyasecondmonkFaliang(法良),andthesitegraduallygrew,bythetimeoftheNorthernLiang(北凉)asmallmunityofmonkshadformedatthesite、MembersoftherulingfamilyofNorthernWeiandNorthernZhouconstructedmanycaveshere,anditflourished(兴盛)intheshort-livedSuiDynasty、BytheTangDynasty,thenumberofcaveshadreachedoverathousand、DuringtheTangDynasty,Dunhuanghadbecamethemainhubofmerce(主要得商业中心)oftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre、AlargenumberofthecaveswereconstructedatMogaoduringthisera(年代),includingthetwolargestatuesofBuddha/[‘budə]/(佛像)atthesite,thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedict(法令,布告)ayearearlierbyTangEmpressWuZetian(武则天)tobuildgiant(巨大得)statuesacrossthecountry、ThesiteescapedthepersecutionofBuddhistsorderedbyEmperorWuzongin845asitwasthenunderTibetancontrol、Asafrontiertown,Dunhuanghadbeenoccupiedatvarioustimesbyothernon-HanChinesepeople、、AftertheTangDynasty,thesitewentintoagradualdecline(衰落),andconstructionofnewcavesceased(中断)entirelyaftertheYuanDynasty、Islam(伊斯兰教)hadconquered(战胜,征服;攻克)muchofCentralAsia,andtheSilkRoaddeclined(衰退)inimportancewhentradingvia(通过)sea-routesbegantodominate/[‘dɔmineit]/(控制)ChinesetradewiththeoutsideworldDuringtheMingDynasty,theSilkRoadwasfinallyofficiallyabandoned,andDunhuan