havingdone状语Ingforasadverbialfromthetext:Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation,IhelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromtheVolcanowillflownext、2、Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly、3、HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice、4、Havingearliercollectedspecialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentanycloser、5、Havingstudiedvolcanoesnowformanyyears,IamStillamazedattheirbeautyaswellastheirpotentialTocausegreatdamage、Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater、动词-ing(现在分词)作状语作时间状语作条件状语作伴随状语表结果Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingheralargefortune、(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftheralargefortune)如V-ing表动作发生在谓语之前,则要用V-ing完成式:Having+P、P(过去分词)、、,主语+谓语Having+been+P、P(过去分词)…,、、1、Aftershehadfinishedherwork,shewenthome、2、Aswehaveinvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture、3、Aftertheclasshadbeencleaned,itwastidyAttentionPlease1、Addictinghimselftoplayingviolin,hedidn’tnoticethethiefenterthehouse、2、Addictedtoplayingviolin,hedidn’tnoticethethiefenterthehouse、Givenmoretime,we’lldoitbetter、大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持与逻辑主语构成独立主格:Asalltheticketshavebeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly、=Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly、Iftimepermits,wewillgooutforapicnic、=Timepermitting,we'llgooutforapicnic、thisbeingmyexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem、独立主格结构。=Asthisismyexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem、=Thisismyexperience,soIstayedatthetopandwatchedthem、独立主格结构由“名词/代词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语/名词/数词”(非谓语)构成,在句中可做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。Ifweatherpermits,we’llgooutforapicnic、Weather_________,we’llgooutforapicnic、Asthereisnobus,Iwalkedhome、There_____nobus,Iwalkedhome、Iwentbackhomewithworkfinished、Work_____,Iwentbackhome、如果给我们更多得时间,我们会做得更好。(表示条件)There______anotherchance,hewilltryhisbest、假如再有一次机会,她会尽力而为。Moretime_____,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter、有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep、1、Withtheteacher_________(assist)us,wecandoiteasily、2、Withwork________