1.试用笼统词have,take,do,put等词，“万能词”目的：大致表达意思即可e.g.我经历了一个极其艰苦的年代(niándài)。译为：Iexperiencedaterriblehardtime.替换：Ihadaterriblehardtime.Iwillpresideoverthemeeting.Iwillsubscribetothelocalnewspaper.Theyoccupiedthecity.Theboyresembleshisfather.2.联想有关词汇发挥想象力，想出一切与之有关的单词(dāncí)，利用语言的内在联系，多层次、多角度地运用语言。联想同义词；联想反义词E.g.Ihadanightmarelastnight.Heisstupid.=Heisfoolish=Heissilly.Thefoodisdelicious=?Thefoodis_____.=Thefoodisnicetoeat.他的脾气很臭。使用反义词来取代某一个暂时(zànshí)遗忘的词。E.g.他很固执。Heisstubborn.(nottame.)这把刀很钝。Theknifeisblunt.(notsharp.)她很健谈。Sheistalkative.(neverquiet.)3.试用解释性语句(yǔjù)E.g.他是一个哑巴。Heisapersonwhocannotspeak.他拒绝了。Hesaid“no”.I’veneverseensuchastubbornperson.I’veneverseensuchapersonwhoneverlistenstoother’sadvice.解释性语句能帮助(bāngzhù)大家巧妙地避开一些大词、难词，又能使意思表达流畅。试比较下面两文章。（1）Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentallovertheworld.Theyalldetestit,butallbeingdomineeredbyit.Itrepresentsatrial;thegradeitsverdict.Nowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcandominateone’sfuture.Iamnotexaggerating,foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttoobtainadiploma,wemustfirstpasstheexams.Ifwedonothaveadiploma,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayconcerntheirfuture.Butaslongasexaminationisonitspeakofpower,wemustbephilosophicalofit.Donotalwaysthinkoftheharmthatitbrings,butthinkofthegooditmaydotous.Ifwedonothaveexams,wemayindulgeourselvesinotherthingsinsteadofbooks.Examshavetoalwaysdriveuson.Whatiswrongforlearningmoreandthoroughly?(2)Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentsallovertheworld.Theyalldislikeit(hateit),butallbeingruledbyit.Itisatrial;thegradeitsdecision.Nowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcancontrolone’sfuture.Iamtellingthetruth,foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttogetagraduationpaper,wemustfirstpasstheexams.Ifwedonothavethegraduationpaper,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayhaves