PAGEII高纯石墨的制备研究王磊摘要为了改进传统的高纯石墨生产方法，找到高效环保的生产工艺，采用密闭微波消解技术对石墨进行了提纯。系统地研究了石墨样品的预处理、消解液的配比、消解压力、微波消解时间和微波消解功率对提纯效果的影响。通过轮换实验得出了以下结论：随着HCl/HNO3比值和微波消解功率的增加产品固定碳含量先增大后减小；产品固定碳含量随着石墨原料微波预处理时间、微波消解压力和微波消解时间的增加而增加。同等反应条件下，石墨原料经微波预处理5min，取出骤冷，产品固定碳含量更高。密闭微波消解提纯石墨的最佳实验条件：原料经过微波预处理5min后骤冷，消解液选用HCl:HNO3＝2:2，消解功率800W，消解压力2.0Mpa，消解时间30min。制得了固定碳含量为99.449％的石墨产品。关键词高纯石墨，微波，提纯PAGEIIIABSTRACTInordertoimprovethetraditionalmethodsofproductionofhigh-puritygraphiteandfindenvironmentallyfriendlyandefficientproductionprocesses,theclosedmicrowavedigestiontechniquehadbeenusedinpurificationofgraphite.TheInfluencefactorofpuritysuchasthepretreatmentofgraphitesamples,theratioofliquiddigestion,digestionpressure,digestiontimeandmicrowavepowerhavebeensystematicallystudied.Theresultofexperimentobtainedbyrotationexperimentshowedthat:withtheincreaseoftheratioofHCl/HNO3andmicrowavedigestionpower,thecontentofcarbonintheproductincreasedfirstandthendecreased;withtheincreaseofthepretreatmenttime,digestiontimeanddigestionpressure,thecontentofcarbonincreased;inthesamereactionconditions,thecontentofcarbonismorehigherasthegraphitematerialsisdealtwithbymicrowavepretreatmentfor5min,suddencoldandthen.Thebestexperimentalconditionsofclosedmicrowavedigestionpurificationofgraphiteareasfollowed:afteramicrowavepre-treatmentofrawmaterialsafterthefirst5min，suddencold，digestionsolutionselectedHCl:HNO3=2:2,digestionpower800W,digestionpressure2.0Mpa,digestiontime30min.Thecontentofcarbonintheproductatthebestconditionsis99.449%.KeywordsHigh-puritygraphite,microwave,purification目录INDEX\e""\o"S"\c"2"\z"2052"TOC\o"1-3"\h\z\uHYPERLINK\l"_Toc231729555"摘要PAGEREF_Toc231729555\hIHYPERLINK\l"_Toc231729556"ABSTRACTPAGEREF_Toc231729556\hIIHYPERLINK\l"_Toc231729557"目录PAGEREF_Toc231729557\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc231729558"1绪论PAGEREF_Toc231729558\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc231729559"1.1研究背景PAGEREF_Toc231729559\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc231729560"1.2研