不同栽培管理模式对冬小麦物质生产及氮肥利用效率的影响的综述报告-第一文库 | 海量文档资源下载与分享平台

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不同栽培管理模式对冬小麦物质生产及氮肥利用效率的影响的综述报告IntroductionWinterwheat(TriticumaestivumL.)isoneofthemostimportantcerealsgrownworldwide,anditisoneofthemajorsourcesofcarbohydratesinhumandiets.Theyieldandqualityofwinterwheatgrainareaffectedbyvariousfactorsincludinggeneticfactors,environmentalconditions,andcultivationpractices.Amongthesefactors,cultivationpracticessuchassowingtime,fertilizationrate,irrigation,andtillageoperationscanhaveasignificantimpactontheyieldandqualityofwinterwheatgrainaswellasonthenitrogenuseefficiency(NUE)ofthecrop.Inthisreview,wewillsummarizetheimpactofdifferentcultivationpracticesontheproductionofwinterwheatbiomassandgrainyieldandtheNUEofnitrogenfertilizer.SowingTimeSowingtimeisacriticalfactoraffectingtheyieldandqualityofwinterwheatgrain.Earlysowingofwinterwheatcanincreasethetillernumber,leafarea,anddrymatteraccumulation,whichcanpromotethegrowthanddevelopmentofwheatplantsandincreasegrainyield.Inaddition,earlysowingcanhelptoavoidplantdamagefromhightemperatures,diseases,andpestsduringthegrowingseason.Severalstudieshavereportedthatearlysownwinterwheathasahigheryieldthanlatesownwheat.Forexample,afieldstudyconductedinChinafoundthatwinterwheatsownonOctober6hadasignificantlyhighergrainyieldthanthatsownonNovember2.NitrogenFertilizationRateNitrogen(N)isanessentialmacronutrientforthegrowthanddevelopmentofwinterwheat.AdequateNsupplycanpromoteplantgrowth,increasebiomassproduction,andimprovethequalityofthegrain.However,excessiveNsupplycanleadtolodging,reducegrainquality,andincreaseNlossestotheenvironment.Therefore,itisimportanttoapplytherightamountofNfertilizertoachievehighyieldandgoodqualitygrainwithoutcompromisingtheNUEofthecrop.SeveralstudieshavereportedthathigherNfertilizationratescanincreasetheyieldandproteincontentofwinterwheatgrain.Forexample,afieldstudyconductedintheUnitedStatesfoundthatincreasingtheNfertilizationratefrom0to196kgha-1increasedthegrainyieldby1.2tha-1andtheproteincontentby1.6percentagepoints.However,excessiveNapplicationcanleadtoenvironmentalpr