会计学一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本(jīběn)结构:be+done（以thebook,publish为例）一般现在/过去时：Thebook____________________.一般/过去将来时:Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.现在/过去进行时：Thebook__________________________.现在/过去完成时:Thebook___________________________.情态动词：Thebook_______________________________.2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语(biǎoyǔ)ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。3)做宾语Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.这位职员不希望(xīwàng)被她的顾客嘲笑。5）做定语Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到(gǎndào)骄傲。3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑(luójí)上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑(luójí)上的主谓关系时,Hehasnothingtoeat.分析：eat动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.分析：_____动→________宾/_____主→_____谓这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。★比较(bǐjiào)：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（分析：answer(动)------thisquestion（宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.（分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来(qǐlái)很舒服。这题目很难算出来。4.Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别(qūbié)不大。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputerto____________(repair).2.Iknewhim___________________(catch)bythepolice.3.Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes.5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine).6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.7.Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto_____