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WritingintheSciencesModule3.1:Experimentwithpunctuation1ExperimentwithpunctuationOurfriendsthedash,colon,semicolon,andparenthesis…Usethemtovarysentencestructure!2ExampleOriginal:Manytypesofcellsandtissuesdevelopakindofdirectionality.Certaineventshappentowardoneendofthecellortissueortheother.It’saphenomenoncalledcellpolarity.Usingacolon:Manycellsandtissuesdevelopakindofdirectionalitycalledcellpolarity:certaineventshappentowardoneendofthecellortissue.3ExperimentwithpunctuationIncreasingpowertoseparate:CommaColonDashParenthesesSemicolonPeriodStrunkandWhite,TheElementsofStyle4ExperimentwithpunctuationIncreasingformality:DashParenthesesTheOthers(Comma,Colon,Semicolon,Period)5SemicolonThesemicolonconnectstwoindependentclauses.(Note:aclauseisaunitofgrammaticalorganizationjustbelowasentenceinrank;italwayscontainsasubjectandpredicate.)Example:Kennedycouldbeacoldandvainman,andheledalifeofprivilege.Butheknewsomethingabouttheworld;healsocaredaboutit.Example:Itwasthebestoftimes;itwastheworstoftimes.6SemicolonSemicolonsarealsousedtoseparateitemsinliststhatcontaininternalpunctuation.Example:Theydramaticallyreducedthenumberofseriesinproduction:in1935,fourteenserieswerecirculating;in1940,nine;by1980,whenthesyndicatewasinitsfinalyears,onlyfour.7ParenthesesParenthesis(parentheticalexpression):Useparenthesestoinsertanafterthoughtorexplanation(aword,phrase,orsentence)intoapassagethatisgrammaticallycompletewithoutit.ÆIfyouremovethematerialwithintheparentheses,themainpointofthesentenceshouldnotchange.ÆParenthesesgivethereaderpermissiontoskipoverthematerial.8Parentheses,exampleWhatkindofteenagerbeatsuponthemisfit,sissykid,pinninghimdownandviolentlycuttinghishairwithapairofschoolscissors—theincidentfromRomney’syouththattheWashingtonPostfamouslyreported(andRomneyfamouslydidn’treallydeny)backinMay?(MichaelTomasky,AMouseintheWhitehouse,Newsweek)9Parentheses,exampleThisistroublingbecause,w
