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BritishReportonCategory3:SingleParentsSusanneRuppandPrueChamberlayne,UniversityofEastLondon1.SingleParenthoodinBritainThe1960sweretheheydayofmarriagesinBritain.Thisintroductioniswrittenwithparticularregardtothefirstin-depthcase.The1960sistheperiodofJanette'smother’srelationshipwithFraser,duringwhichshegavebirthtofourchildren.Neverbeforeandneverafterweretheresomanymarriagesandsomanybirths(Rimmer1981:17).However,thepercentageoffamilies'Family'meansmarriedcouples(withorwithoutchildren)orloneparentswithchildren.‘Households’arepeoplewholivesinglyortogetherwithoutreferringtotheirfamilyorlegalstatus.withfourormorechildrenhadbeencontinuouslydecreasingsincethe1920sandbythe1960stheaveragefamilysizewastwochildren.Between1961(whenJanette'smotherwaspregnantforthefirsttime)and1976(theyearofhermarriage)thepercentageofloneparenthouseholdswithdependentchildrenincreasedfromtwopercenttofourpercent(Rimmer1981:61).Thiswasatleastpartlyduetothefact,thatwiththehighnumberofmarriagesthedivorceratealsoincreasedsteadilybyninepercenteachyear,doublingwithinthedecade.TheDivorceReformActwaspassedin1969.Itallowed'nofault'divorcesafteratwoyearperiodofseparation.By1972thedivorceratehaddoubledagain.Sincethe1980sthedivorceratehasstabilisedonaveryhighlevelcomparedtootherEuropeancountries,e.g.higherthaninFranceandWestGermany(ClarkandHaldane1990).Thoughmanyoneparentfamiliesdevelopedthroughdivorce,theincreasingdivorceratedoesnotnecessarilyremovechildrenfromatwoparentfamilyenvironment.About75percentofdivorcedwomenand83percentofdivorcedmenremarrywithinthreeyears.Afterasteadyincreaseofloneparenthouseholdssincethe1960s,therateacceleratedinthemid-1980s.In1990itreachedtwentypercentofallfamilieswithdependentchildren(SocialTrends1992:39).In1995sevenpercentofallhouseholdswereloneparenthouseholds,while25percentwere‘traditional’familyhouseholdsofacouplewithchildren(SocialTrends1996:51).Thismeansthatcurrently1.3millionloneparentsarecaringforover2.2.milliondependentchildren.Mostone-parenthouseholdsarehea
