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计算机操作系统原理PrincipleofOperationSystem朱青信息学院计算机系,中国人民大学,数据工程与知识工程教育部重点实验室zqruc@yahoo.cn1Whytakethiscourse?2MobileInternetandBeyondGOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT&&RESEARCHRESEARCHEMAILEMAILWORLDWIDEWORLDWIDEWEBWEBWIRELESSWIRELESS//MOBILEMOBILEINTERNETINTERNETEMBEDDEDEMBEDDEDINTERNETINTERNETTodaySource:Motorola.33中国教育科研网格ChinaGrid中国教育科研网格ChinaGrid。中国教育科研网格将充分利用中国国家教育科研网CERNET和高校的大量计算资源和信息资源,开放相应的网络软件,配合网络计算机的使用,将分布再教育和科研网上自治的分布异构的海量资源集成起来,形成高水平低成本的服务平台,将高性能计算送到教育和科研网用户的桌面上,成为国家科研教学服务的大平台。4VirtualOrganizationsResearchersatdifferentlocationsandindifferentcountriesarejointlyworkingonproblemszSharingofcomputersandresourceszAccesstojointinformationzCommunicationviavideoandaudio-conferencingDevelopmentofVirtualOrganizationsTransitiontoe-Science5VeryLargeDataCenter6SoftwarePlatforminCloud7Cloudiscoming…Googlealonehas450,000systemsrunningacross20datacenters,andMicrosoft'sWindowsLiveteamisdoublingthenumberofserversitusesevery14months,whichisfasterthanMoore'sLaw“DataCenterisaComputer”ParallelismeverywhereMassiveScalableReliableResourceManagementDataManagementProgrammingModel&Tools8DNASequencingaGenomeofanorganismencodesgeneticinformationinlongsequenceof4DNAnucleotides:ATCG`Bacteria:~5millionbp`Humans:~3billionbpaCurrentDNAsequencingmachinescangenerate1-2Gbpofsequenceperday,inmillionsofshortreads(25-300bp)`Shorterreads,butmuchhigherthroughput`Per-baseerrorrateestimatedat1-2%(Simpson,etal,2009)aRecentstudiesofentirehumangenomeshaveATCTGATAAGTCCCAGGACTTCAGTused3.3(Wang,etal.,2008)&4.0(Bentley,etal.,2008)billion36bpreadsGCAAGGCAAACCCGAGCCCAGTTT`~144GBofcompressedsequencedataTCCAGTTCTAGAGTTTCACATGATCGGAGTTAGTAAAAGTCCACATTGAG9SubjectreadsCTATGCGGGCCTAGATGCTTATCTATGCGGTCTAGATGCTGCTTATCTATATCTATGCGGATCTATGCGGATCTATGCGGTTATCTATGCGCTTATCTATCTATGCGGGCAlignmentCGGTCTAGATGCTTAGCTATGCGGGCCCCTTReferencesequence10SubjectreadsATGCGGGCCCCTAGATGCTTCTATGCGGGCTCTAGATGCTA