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AnIntroductiontotheCshellWilliamJoy(revisedfor4.3BSDbyMarkSeiden)ComputerScienceDivisionDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyBerkeley,California94720ABSTRACTCshisanewcommandlanguageinterpreterforUNIX†systems.ItincorporatesgoodfeaturesofothershellsandahistorymechanismsimilartotheredoofINTERLISP.Whileincorporatingmanyfeaturesofothershellswhichmakewritingshellprograms(shellscripts)easier,mostofthefeaturesuniquetocsharedesignedmorefortheinterac-tiveUNIXuser.UNIXuserswhohavereadageneralintroductiontothesystemwillfindavaluablebasicexplanationoftheshellhere.Simpleterminalinteractionwithcshispossibleafterreadingjustthefirstsectionofthisdocument.Thesecondsectiondescribestheshell’scapabilitieswhichyoucanexploreafteryouhavebeguntobecomeacquaintedwiththeshell.Latersectionsintroducefeatureswhichareuseful,butnotnecessaryforallusersoftheshell.Additionalinformationincludesanappendixlistingspecialcharactersoftheshellandaglossaryoftermsandcommandsintroducedinthismanual.IntroductionAshellisacommandlanguageinterpreter.CshisthenameofoneparticularcommandinterpreteronUNIX.Theprimarypurposeofcshistotranslatecommandlinestypedataterminalintosystemactions,suchasinvocationofotherprograms.Cshisauserprogramjustlikeanyyoumightwrite.Hopefully,cshwillbeaveryusefulprogramforyouininteractingwiththeUNIXsystem.Inadditiontothisdocument,youwillwanttorefertoacopyoftheUNIXUserReferenceManual.Thecshdocumentationinsection1ofthemanualprovidesafulldescriptionofallfeaturesoftheshellandisthedefinitivereferenceforquestionsabouttheshell.Manywordsinthisdocumentareshowninitalics.Theseareimportantwords;namesofcommands,andwordswhichhavespecialmeaningindiscussingtheshellandUNIX.Manyofthewordsaredefinedinaglossaryattheendofthisdocument.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatismeantbyaword,youshouldlookforitintheglossary.AcknowledgementsNumerouspeoplehaveprovidedgoodinputaboutpreviousversionsofcshandaidedinitsdebug-gingandinthedebuggingofitsdocumentation.Iwoulde
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