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密码实现与应用.277.豆ndiStinguishablePresenceofMaliciousProxiesHuafeiZhuFengBao12R,A-star,Singapore{huafei,baofeng}@i2r.a—star.edu.sgAbstract:inthispaper,anovelframeworkthatguaranteesindistinguishabletrans—codinginthepresenceofmaliciousproxiesispresentedandanalyzed.Theideabehindofourimplementationissimple:astreamissegmentedtWOparts:abaselayerandanenhancementlayer.Thebaselayeristhenencodedbystandardhashingchaintechnique,whiletheenhancelayerisencodedbymercurialcommitments.Wewillshowthattheproposedschemeenjoysnicefeatures:itiscompatible,provablysecureandlowband—widthoverhead.Keywords:proxy;trans—coding;zero—knowledgeset(mercurialcommitments)1IntroductionConsideringascenariowhereamobileuserdown—scaleshighqualitystreamsfromamultimediaservertohis/hersmalldevice.Sincethestreamsoriginatedfromtheserverarenormallythehighestinqualityandtherichestincontent,aconversionofonedataformattolesswillbecertaindataitemsfromtheoriginalmultimediacostlyoneperformed(e.g.,removingstreams)inordertoadaptthemtotheparticulardevice.Allowingsuchintermediateproxiesintroducesinterestingresearchproblem:howweachieveend..to..endsecuritybetweentheancanoriginalresourceandultimaterecipient?Thereexistsolutionstotheend..to..endsecurityproblemstatedabove.ThemostobviouswayisforthetoproxyitssigningkeythattheserveragiveSOproxycanre—signthemodifiedstreams.Thisapproachhasseveralknowndisadvantagesandmostseriousoneisthattheservermusttrusttheproxywithsigningpower.AnotherapproachisfortheservertoseparatelysigneachstreamindependentlySOthateveniftheproxyremovesframestheendusercanstillverifytheremainingones.Unfortunately,thisapproachisnotsuitableforresource—constraineddevicessincemobileuserscannotaffordthecosttohandleexpensivedigitalsignaturecomputations.Veryrecently,twointerestingprotocols(oneiscallLISSA,andtheotheriscalledTRESSA)thatdigestthestreamusingcryptographichashfunctions:andonlyrequireonedigitalsignaturecomputationhavebeenproposedin[5】and[7】.Theirschemesallowanintelligentnetworkintermediarytointerceptstreamsignedbyconte