会计学（一）句子成分(jùzichéngfèn)的定义（二）句子的具体(jùtǐ)成分1Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词(míngcí)）2WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）3One-thirdinthisclassaregirls.（数词）4Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）5Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）6Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）7WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句(cónꞬjù)）8Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）谓语(wèiyǔ)(predicate)连系动词(dòngcí)（linking-verb）表语(biǎoyǔ)(predicative)OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词(fēncí)）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词(jiècí)短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）宾语(bīnyǔ)(object)宾语(bīnyǔ)补足语(complementofobject)HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词(míngcí)）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）定语(dìngyǔ)(attribute)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语(duǎnyǔ)）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语(duǎnyǔ)）Heisreadingabookthathehasneverread.（定语从句）状语(zhuàngyǔ)(adverbial)状语种类(zhǒnglèi)如下同位语独立(dúlì)成分简单句、并列句和复合句2、按句子的结构(jiégòu)可分三种：简单句的五种(wǔzhǒnꞬ)基本句型2主语(zhǔyǔ)+系动词+表语(SVC)3主语+及物动词(jíwùdònꞬcí)+宾语(SVO）4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(bīnyǔ)（间接宾语(bīnyǔ)+直接宾语(bīnyǔ)）(SVIOO)(SVOIO)5、主语+及物动词(jíwùdònꞬcí)+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）(SVOC)2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上(yǐshàng)的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.HewantstogotherebutIdon’t.hurryup,oryouwillbelate.ThishousebelongstoMr.Smith；itcostsmillionsofdollars.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词(míngcí)性从句、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.ThisisthebookthatIwant.Ithinkt