职称英语考试语法之时态和语态2015职称英语考试语法之时态和语态1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成)：动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。I'vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.I'vebeensittinginthegarden.2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成)：过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I'dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.3)将来完成进行时：将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作。Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonth'stimeshe'llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.4)将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成)：将来某时已发生的事。Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.They'llhavehittheyear'stargetbytheendofOctober.可以有两种被动结构的类型，例如：Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的有assume，believe，expect，fear，feel，know，presume，report，say，suppose，understand等。Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的.意义。例如：Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态：双宾语结构变为被动语态时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.宾补结构的被动语态：ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短语动词Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep(有被动语态)She'slookingafterhersister'schildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.Theytookhimon.Vt+adv+O(无被动语态)Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.