语态时态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。被动、被动、主被动。挨遭受Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(被动句)一无被动情况）无宾语无被动1不及物动或短语(happenoccurcomeabouttakeplace）GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghaiinthelastfewyears2英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read，write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。weigh,measureitmeasures20metreslongThiskindofclothwasheswell.Mypenwritessmoothly.Thesebookssellwell.2系动词+adjlook,smell,taste,feel,prove,soundTheflowersmellssweet.3本身有被动含义belongtoturnoutcomeupconsistofcometruerunout与非动done表完成doing被动含义Fallenleavestheflowerssmellingsweet二常被动使动词+反身代词devoteloseseatdresschangelocatehidebury表情感astonishsurpriseexcitepuzzle被动表状态与非动有宾ing无宾就过去（done)___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavingloseC.LostD.ToloseWhowerethosepeoplewiththebananas?-AgroupitselftheLeagueforPeace.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalledThe_______lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexam.A.excitingB.tiredC.tiringD.excitedDoyouwakeupeverymorning________energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt1need，want，require，deserveThehouseneedsrepairing.toberepaired2形容词worth与worthy例:Thebookiswellworthreading．＝Thebookiswellworthytoberead．3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例:Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系与I是主谓关系。)试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4.在某些“形容词＋todo”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting.例:•Englishiseasytolearn.•这道题很难解出.Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout5.blame仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?6．在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例:Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.时态昨天--今天---明天一般现在时的用法1表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday(week,month)等连用。Heplaysfootballtwiceaweek.他每周踢两次足球。Isometimesgotoworkonfoot.我有时步行去上班。2．表示现在的事实或状态。Youlooktirednow.你现在看起来很疲乏。3