生物专业英语InsidetheLivingCellGlossaryCytoplasm细胞质Thelivingcontentsofacellboundedexternallybytheplasmalemma,includinganaqueousgroundsubstance(hyaloplasm,透明质，cellsap,orcellmatrix)containingorganellesandvariousinclusionsbutexcludingthenucleusandvisiblevacuoles.细胞中的亚器官Chloroplast叶绿体Aplastidinwhichphotosynthesisiscarriedout.Chloroplastsoccurinallphotosyntheticorganismsexceptphotosyntheticbacteriaandblue-greenalgae.Stroma子座，基质Regionwithinachloroplastthathasnochlorophyll.Plastid质体Anorganellepresentinallplantsexceptbacteria,blue-greenalgae,andfungi;itisenclosedbytwomembranes(theenvelope)andhasvariousfunctionsEndoplasmicreticulum内质网Foldedmembranesandtubesthroughouttheeukaryoticcellthatprovidealargesurfaceuponwhichchemicalactivitiestakeplace.Golgicomplex高尔基复合体Astackofflattened,smooth,memebranoussacs;thesiteofsynthesisandpackagingofcertainmoleculesineukaryoticcells.Mitochondrion线粒体Amembranousorganelleresemblingasmallbagwithalargerbaginsidethatisfoldedbackonitself;serveasthesiteofaerobiccellularrespiration.Ribosome核糖体SmallstructurescomposedoftwoproteinandribonucleicacidsubunitsinvolvedintheassemblyofproteinsfromaminoacidsPolysome多核糖体Ofproteinsynthesis,severalribosomesalltranslatingthesamemessengerRNAmolecule,oneaftertheother.Vacuole液泡Storagecontainerwithinthecytoplasmofacellhavingasurroundingmembrane.Lysosome溶酶体AspecializedorganellethatholdsamixtureofhydrolyticenzymesCentriole中心粒Anorganellelocatedclosetothenucleusinmostanimalandlowerplantcellsbutabsentfromprokaryotesandhigherplants细胞的遗传亚结构细胞核和染色体Chromosome染色体ADNA-histonethreadresidinginthenucleusofacell.Eachchromosomepossessestwotelomeresandacentromere,andsomecontainanucleousorganizer.RNAproteinsareinvariablyassociatedwiththechromosome.Nuclearenvelope核膜，核被膜Adoublemembrane(twolipidbilayersandassociatedproteins)thatistheoutermostportionofacellnucleous.Nucleoid核质体TheDNA-containingareaofaprokaryotecell,analogoustoeukaryotenucleusbutnotmembranebounded.Nucleoli核仁Nuclearstructurescomposedofcompletedorpartiallyc