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Chapter10DistillationPrincipleBasicdefinitionsClassificationVapor-liquidphaseequilibriumfortwocomponentsSincethetotalpressureofthegasisthesumofpartialpressureofallcomponentsItcanbetransformedintoasfollowsAnotherform—dewpointequationFromthePhaseLaw,fora2-componentand2-phasesystem,thefreedomis2,i.e.,therearetwoindependentvariables.Adistillationcolumnisusedforseparatingbenzene&toluene.Thereisapartcondenserandatotalcondenseronitstop,andtheoperationpressureis101.3kPa.Itismeasuredthatthemolarfractionofbenzeneinthedistilledliquidattheoutletoftotalcondenseris0.923.Letthegas/liquidattheoutletofthepartcondenserkeepequilibrium.Trytofindthecompositionhereandthetemperature.stepstosolveGas-liquidphasediagramP-xfigureforbenzene-toluenesystemxy-xfigureforbenzene-toluenesystemFigure10-3ethanol-watersystemExpressionsusedindistillationdefinitionofvolatility:theratioofequilibriumvaporpressureandmolarfractioninliquid.Foratwo-componentsystem,wehaveTheratiooftwovolatilitiesiscalledrelativevolatility,givenbyFortwo-phasesystem,yB=1-yAandxB=1-xA，substituteinEq.(10.2.16)andomitthesubscriptA,wehaveThisEq.isalsocalledphaseequilibriumEq.,whichusestherelativevolatilitytoshowtheequilibriumrelationship.EquilibriumandsimpledistillationsMassbalanceofflashevaporationLetthefractionofliquidproducttofeed,q，thenW/F=qandD/F=（1-q），substitutethoseinEq.(10.3-3)andreorganizeittogive
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