CountryUKIrelandAustraliaNewZealandAmericanCanadaLanguageEnglishIrishEnglishEnglishMaoriEnglishEnglishFrenchEnglishOriginalpeopleCelticsTheAboriginesMaoriIndiansAboriginalCapitalLondon...DublinCanberraWellingtonWashingtonD.C.OttawaLargestcountry6th2thGovernmentparliamentarydemocracy&constitutionalmonarchyWashminster3Parliament3ConstitutionFederalsystemWashminsterTheunitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandContain50ormorecountriesCommonwealthofNations(50)→EuropeanUnion(28)EnglandLondoncapitalcultural,business,financialcenterCelticsoriginalpeopleRomanEmpirecombinethesmallkingdomsintoaunitedonecalledEnglandAnglo-SaxonVikingandDanishNormanCharlestheFirst’sattempttooverruleparliamentcivilwarScotlandEdinburghcapitalGlassgowlargestGaelicWalesCardiffcapitalWelshNorthernIreland“TheSixCounties”BelfastcapitalConflictethnicallydistinctfromthemajorityofBritishpeopleGeographicallyNorthandSouthofIrelandReligiouslyProtestantandCatholicsMostIrishpeopleremainedCatholics,whilemostBritishpeoplehadbecomeProtestant1921thesouthern26countiesformedanindependent“freestate”,whilethe6north-easterncountiesremainedapartoftheUKJurisdiction:theRepublicofIrelandGreatBritainitsownelectedexecutivegovernmentoftenministersGovernmentTheprocessofstated-buildinghasbeenoneofevolutionratherthanrevolutionBothaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyQueenistheofficialheadofstateGovernor-GeneralfulfilltheroleofmonarchinAustralia,Canada,NewZealandIsraelandBritainaretheonlytwocountieswithoutwrittenconstitutionsofthesortwithmostcountrieshaveMonarchyTheoldestinstitutionofgovernmentThe“divinerightofkings”authorityfromGodCivilwarbetweenrepublican“Roundheads”ledbyOliverCromwellKingshouldnotexerciseabsolutepower→symbolizethetraditionandunityoftheBritishstateQueennon-political1.Headoftheexecutive2.Anintergralpartofthelegislature3.Headofthejudiciary4.Commanderinchiefofthearmedforcesand“supremegovernor”oftheChurchofEnglandParliamentFirstusedofficiallyin1