教学案二：非谓语动词一．对英语动词的基本认识：英语中动词除了在句子中充当谓语之外，还常以非谓语的形式充当其他的句子成分。按照动词是否充当谓语，我们可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。时态（按高考要求共九个时态）谓语动词语态（主动语态和被动语态）语气（陈述语气和虚拟语气）主谓一致动词不定式非谓语动词动名词分词（现在分词和过去分词）二．非谓语动词的概念：非谓语动词是指不充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词，凡是用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化，以区别于谓语动词。动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）A．不定式一．不定式的构成：主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing无完成进行式tohavebeendoing无二．不定式的用法：不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1.不定式做主语：Tofinishthebuildinginamonthisdifficult./Todosuchthingsisfoolish./Toseeistobelieve.注:1).不定式作主语时,谓语用__________(单数？复数？)2).当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。常用于下列结构中：a.Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo…b.Itis+adj.+forsb.+todo…Itiseasy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessaryc.Itis+a+名词+todo...Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/one’sduty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjob…todod.Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…e.Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…2.不定式做表语：Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth./Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.3.不定式作宾语：不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语。V+todo:Hewantedtogo./Heagreedtokeepitsecret./Ilongedtobecomeafootballstar.Joejustwantedtoplayajokeonher.Hedidnotmean______Sarah.A.hurtingB.tohurtC.hurtedD.hurtsV+it+adj/n+todosth:Ifinditimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage./Wethinkitbettertostartoffearly.Ithinkitimportant____________________(do)so.V+特殊疑问词+todosth:Idon'tknowwhattosay/donext./Mostofthemdon'tknowhowtosolvetheproblem.Theyarelearninghowtorepaircars.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_________.A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich“Haveyoudecidedwhen________?”“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”A.toleaveB.tobeleavingC.willyouleaveD.areyouleavingHedoesn’tknow______tostayornot.A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewillV+sb+特殊疑问词+todo:Thefarmershowedushowtomilkthecow.