管理类论文文献综述与此同时，对经济成长的需求却提高了，而这种经济成长只有通过生产率的提高才能实现。例如，每一个人都“了解”(许多人现在仍然认为)，丰裕将会大大降低对经济成长的需求。一旦我们知道了如何生产物质财富，社会经济函数中的需求肯定就会减少。而事实上我们却面对着人们的期望日益增长的浪潮。当肯尼迪总统在六十年代早期提出丰裕这个词时，他脑子里想到的是在世界上贫穷的、不发达的国家中对经济报酬和满足的需求会有爆炸性的增长。但是，丰裕也使得发达国家中仍然贫穷的那些人(不论是美国的黑人还是西西里的农民)，在人们的期望方面产生了同样的增长浪潮。而丰裕本身对经济成长的需求却快于它们自己所能达到的能力。同大众性报纸上头条新闻所讲的相反，受过教育的青年人没有显示出什么迹象，他们会减少对传统的经济商品和服务的需求(虽然被叫做“思格尔定律”的传统经济理论曾经预言会有这种减少)。此外，他们还对新的服务和新的满足——教育、保健、住房、闲暇——表现出众不满足的胃口。同样是新的、也许是更费钱的一种需求是清洁的环境。从今天来看，它简直是一种奢侈。昨天，在城市贫民窟和农村小屋中，人们能够享受到清洁的空气、清洁的街道、安全的饮水、卫生而未被污染的食物，现在，这些只是一种梦想。meanwhile,hasincreasedthedemandforeconomicgrowth,andthatonlythroughtheimprovementofproductivitytoachieveeconomicgrowth.Everyone,forexample,"understanding"(nowmanypeoplestillthink),abundancewillgreatlyreducetheneedforeconomicgrowth.Onceweknowhowtoproducematerialwealth,socialeconomicfunctionofdemandcertainlywillbereduced.Infactwearefacingthegrowingwaveofpeople'sexpectations.WhenPresidentKennedyopulentintheearly60sareputforwardwhentheword,hismindthinkofthepoor,underdevelopedcountriesintheworldtherewillbedemandforeconomiccompensationandsatisfytheexplosivegrowth.However,abundancemakesthosewhoarestillpoorinthedevelopedcountries(bothintheUnitedStatesblackfarmersorSicily),generatedthesameincreaseinpeople'sexpectations.Andabundanceitselftothedemandofeconomicgrowthisfasterthantheycanachieve.Withthemassofnewspaperheadlines,incontrast,trainedyoungmanshowednosignofeducation,theywillreducethedemandfortraditionaleconomicgoodsandservices(althoughitiscalledthe"lawofthought,"thetraditionaleconomictheorypredictedtherewillbethisdecrease).Inaddition,theyfornewservicesandnewcontent-education,healthcare,housing,leisure,outperformancedoesnotmeettheappetite.Alsoisnew,maybemorecostlyaneedisacleanenvironment.Fromthepointoftoday,itissimplyaluxury.Yesterday,intheurbanslumsandruralcottage,peoplecanenjoythecleanair,cleanstreets,safewater,sanitationandnotcontaminatedfood,now,thesearejustadream.