如果您无法下载资料，请参考说明：
1、部分资料下载需要金币，请确保您的账户上有足够的金币
2、已购买过的文档，再次下载不重复扣费
3、资料包下载后请先用软件解压，在使用对应软件打开
Group13Shriver,Chapter12B,Al,Ga,In,TlLeavingthes-block(groups1and2)andenteringthep-block(groups13-18)OriginsandPreparationBoron-fromborax,Na2[B4O5(OH)4]•8H2O,usedbytheancientstoprepareglazesandglasses-elementalboronfirstpreparedpurein1892B2O3+3Mg→2B+3MgO-world’slargestdepositminedinBoron,CA-acomponentofheat-resistantglasses(borosilicate,Pyrex)andenamelglazes-foundindetergentsasbleachingagent(sodiumperborate,NaBO3,formsH2O2inwaterbyhydrolysis)+2--2NaBO3+2H2O→2Na+B2(O2)2(OH)4+4H2O→2B(OH)4+4H2O2OOHOOHBBHOOHOO-alsousedinlaundrydetergentasabuffertomaintainoptimumalkalinepHformicelleformationbysurfactant(soap)-boricacidisamildantiseptic(alsousedasinsecticide)-boraneclusteranionshavefoundapplicationinBoronNeutronCaptureTherapy(BNCT),duetothelargeneutroncapturecross-section(abilitytoabsorbneutrons)of10B(20%naturalabundance).Whenirradiatedwithslowneutrons,highlyenergetic(andtissue-damaging)α-particles(4Henuclei)areemitted:101745B+0n"3Li+2He+2.31MeVThestability,watersolubilityandhighboroncontentoftheboraneclusteranionshasmadethemusefultherapeuticagentsfordestroyingcancerouscells(BNCTtreatmentformalignantbr!aintumors)aswellasforablatingarthritictissue(anexperimentaltreatmentforrheumatoidarthritis).Inordertoenhanceselectiveuptakebytumorcells,theboroncagesarecovalentlylinkedtoaporphyrinring(M.F.Hawthorne,Chem.Commun.,2002,1784).Aluminum–fromalum:KAl(SO4)2•12H2O,usedmedicinallyinancientGreeceandRome(Latinalumen,bittersalt)-8thmostabundantmetalintheEarth’scrust(82,000ppm,1000XmoreabundantthanB)-foundasthemineralbauxite(aluminumoxide)1-elementalAlfirstpreparedcommerciallyin1854firstcommercialprocessbyreductionofAlCl3withNa-itwassorareandpreciousthatitwasexhibitednexttothecrownjewelsattheParisExpositionof1855,-theEmperorLouisNapoleonIIIusedAlcutleryonstateoccasions-thepyramidaltoptotheWashingtonMonumentismadeofpurealuminium.Atthetimeofitsinstallation(1884),itwasthelargestpieceofaluminumevercast,andaluminumwasmoreexpe
