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二、UNIX环境下的操作1.UNIX的基本环境(Environment)>>Environmentprocesspermissions(whoownstheprocess)yourHomeDirectorythecurrentworkingdirectorythefilecreationmaskspecialshellvariablesopenfilessignalsWhenyoulogon,theshellstartsupandinheritsanumberofvariables,I/Ostreams,andprocesscharacteristicsfromthe/bin/loginprogramthatstartedit.Inturn,ifanothershellisforkedfromtheloginorparentshell,thatchildshell(subshell)willinheritcertaincharacteristicsfromitsparent.>>Whatyoucandoundertheenvironment——Selectingashell——Insuringcommands:CommunicationwithUnix——Selectingyourcurrentworkingdirectory——Settingshellvariables——Editingyourfiles——......>>ShellvariablesShellvariablescontaininformationusedforcustomizingtheshell,andinformationrequiredbyotherprocessessothattheywillfunctionproperly.Theshellcandefinetwotypesofvariables:——Localvariablesareprivatetotheshellinwhichtheyarecreatedandnotpassedontoanyprocessesspawnedfromthatshell.——Environmentvariablesarepassedfromparenttochildprocess,fromchildtograndchild,andsoon.2.UNIXShells>>FunctionsoftheShell——tointerpretcommandsenteredatthecommandlinepromptwhenrunninginteractively.——tocustomizetheuser'senvironment,normallydoneinshellinitializationfiles.——tobeusedasaninterpretedprogramminglanguage(shellprograms,alsocalledscripts).>>ResponsibilitiesoftheShell——Readinginputandparsingthecommandline.——Evaluatingspecialcharacters.——Settinguppipes,redirection,andbackgroundprocessing.——Handlingsignals.——Settingupprogramsforexecution.>>SomeMajorUNIXShellsBourneCTCKornBash(BourneAgainShell)>>bashshellbashshellisafullyfunctionalshellatboththeinteractiveandprogramminglevel,——ChangingtheShellattheCommandLine.$psPIDTTYTIMECMD1574pts/60:00sh$bashbash-2.03$bash-2.03$psPIDTTYTIMECMD1574pts/60:00sh1576pts/60:00bash>>bashversussh(Bourneshell)TheBourneAgain(bash)shellhasthefollowingfeaturesnotfoundinthetraditionalBourneshell(sh).——Formattingtheprompts——History(cshstyle)——Aliases——A
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