重难语法课(8)——定语从句[语境中体悟用法]朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑单词为哪类关系词，在从句中充当什么成分，修饰的先行词是什么。Itwasthesummerof2012,when①IcametoGuangningNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Ourschoolisawonderfulplace,where②Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare.Ourclassroom,theroofofwhich③lookslikearocketinthedistance,islocatedinthecenterofourschool.Themainreasonwhy④IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends.Icangetalongwithmyclassmateshere,twoofwhom⑤aremybestfriends.Jack,who⑥comesfromTanbuJuniorHighSchool,isveryactive.Helikesvarioussports,amongwhich⑦helikesrunningmost.Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday,which⑧makeshimlookstrong.Nick,whose⑨fatherisateacherinLianheJuniorHighSchool,studiesveryhard.Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthat⑩weseeinourschool.Nickprefersthefoodthat⑪ismadeinourcanteen.Theteacherwhom⑫helikesisMrZhang,ourmathteacher,whilemybelovedteacherismyEnglishteacher,MissChen.Tobehonest,Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool.[用法体悟]①先行词是thesummerof2012，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when(＝inwhich)引导定语从句。②先行词是awonderfulplace，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where(＝atwhich)引导定语从句。③先行词是Ourclassroom，指物，关系词应用which。theroofofwhich中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。④先行词是Themainreason，在定语从句中作原因状语，用why引导。⑤先行词是myclassmates，指人，关系词应用whom。twoofwhom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。⑥先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。⑦先行词是varioussports，关系词在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。⑧先行词是“Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday”整个句子，并在从句中作主语，定语从句应用which引导。⑨先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nick's，用whose引导。⑩先行词是thepeopleandthethings，既指人又指物，通常用that引导。⑪先行词是thefood，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。⑫先行词是Theteacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom或who引导。[系统中整合规则]定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。(一)关系代词的用法1．关系代词的基本用法关系代词修饰的先行词在从句中所作成分who人作主语、宾语whom人作宾语which事物作主语、宾语that人或事物作主语、宾语、表语whose人或事物作定语as人或事物，一般用于“such...as”“thesame...as”“as...as”结构中作主语、宾语TheTVorganizershadplannedtofindfourmusicianswhocouldactaswellassing.电视制作人打算找4位既能表演又能唱歌的音乐家。Thetreewhichisinfrontofmyhouseismorethantenyearsold.我家房前的那棵树已经十多年了。2．五种只用that而不用which的情况(1)先行词是不定代词all,