目录第一章流体流动与输送设备·····················································（2）第二章非均相物系分离·························································（26）第三章传热···································································（31）第四章蒸发···································································（45）第五章吸收····································································（49）第六章蒸馏···································································（69）第七章干燥···································································（83）1PDF文件使用"pdfFactoryPro"试用版本创建www.fineprint.com.cn第一章流体流动与输送设备1.燃烧重油所得的燃烧气，经分析知其中含CO28.5％，O27.5％，N276％，H2O8％（体积％），试求此混合气体在温度500℃、压力101.3kPa时的密度。解：混合气体平均摩尔质量-3Mm=SyiMi=0.085´44+0.075´32+0.76´28+0.08´18=28.86´10kg/mol∴混合密度pM101.3´103´28.86´10-3r=m==0.455kg/m3mRT8.31´(273+500)2．已知20℃下水和乙醇的密度分别为998.2kg/m3和789kg/m3,试计算50％（质量％）乙醇水溶液的密度。又知其实测值为935kg/m3，计算相对误差。解：乙醇水溶液的混合密度1aa0.50.5=1+2=+rmr1r2998.27893\rm=881.36kg/m相对误差：rm实-rmæ881.36ö´100%=ç1-÷´100%=5.74%rm实è935ø3．在大气压力为101.3kPa的地区，某真空蒸馏塔塔顶的真空表读数为85kPa。若在大气压力为90kPa的地区，仍使该塔塔顶在相同的绝压下操作，则此时真空表的读数应为多少？''解：p绝=pa-p真=pa-p真''\p真=pa-(pa-p真)=90-(101.3-85)=73.7kPa4．如附图所示，密闭容器中存有密度为900kg/m3的液体。容器上方的压力表读数为42kPa，又在液面下装一压力表，表中心线在测压口以上0.55m，其读数为58kPa。试计算液面到下方测压口的距离。解：液面下测压口处压力p=p0+rgDz=p1+rgh题4附图p+rgh-pp-p(58-42)´103\Dz=10=10+h=+0.55=2.36mrgrg900´9.812PDF文件使用"pdfFactoryPro"试用版本创建www.fineprint.com.cn5.如附图所示，敞口容器内盛有不互溶的油和水，油层和水层的厚度分别为700mm和600mm。在容器底部开孔与玻璃管相连。已知油与水的密度分别为800kg/m3和1000kg/m3。（1）计算玻璃管内水柱的高度；（2）判断A与B、C与D点的压力是否相等。h1AB解：（1）容器底部压力h2CDp=pa+r油gh1+r水gh2=pa+r水gh题5附图r油h1+r水h2r油800\h==h1+h2=´0.7+0.6=1.16mr水r水1000（2）pA¹pBpC=pD6．水平管道中两点间连接一U形压差计，指示液为汞。已知压差计的读数为30mm，试分别计算管内流体为（1）水；（2）压力为101.3kPa、温度为20℃的空气时压力差。解：（1）Dp=(r0-r)Rg=(13600-1000)´0.03´9.81=3708.2Pa（2）空气密度pM101.3´103´29´10-3r'===1.206kg/m3RT8.31´(273+20)''Dp=(r0-r)Rg=(13600-1.206)´0.03´9.81=4002.1Pa'∵空气密度较小，∴Dp»r0Rg7．用一复式U形压差计测量水流过管路中A、B两点的压力差。指示