Classificationofdiabetes(ADA-1997)OtherspecifictypesPathogenesisPathologyPathophysiologyAbnormalitiesinmetabolismInsulinsecretioncurve:normalanddiabeticsClinicalPresentationNaturalhistoryoftype2DMModelsoftheonsetoftwophrasesoftype2DMWHOplasmaglucoseguidelineComparisonoftype1andtype2DMChroniccomplicationsMechanismofcomplicationsHyperglycemiaistheessentialreasonfordiabeticcomplicationsUKPTS：resultsEpidemiologyofdiabetesMacrovasculardiseaseHypertensioninDMDiabeticretinopathy－leadingcourseofnewcasesofblindnessPathogeny：stateofillness、courseofdisease、ageofonset<5years：eyegrounddiseaseisnotcommon<10years：50％eyegrounddisease<20years：8090％eyegrounddiseaseClassifications(China)DiabeticnephropathyStagesofdiabeticnephropathy(1)Stagesofdiabeticnephropathy(2)Classificationofdiabetesneuropathy（1）DiabeticsensabilitymultipleneuropathyDiabeticautonomicneuropathyGlucosuria：associatedwithrenalthresholdofsugar(onlyforclue)KetonuriaBloodsugar：plasmaglucose，PODHBA1c：23monthsbloodsugarlevelFructosamine：23weeksbloodsugarlevelOGTT：2hourspecimenInsulinandC-peptidereleasetestDiagnosisCriteriafordiagnosingdiabetesCharacteristicsofnewdiabeticdiagnosticcriteriaPracticalproblemsindiagnosislatentautoimmunediabetesmellitusinadults（LADA）ManagementGoalsPrincipleoftreatmentGoalsofcontrolControlactualityofDMinChinaDiabetesManagementPlanPhasestherapyofDMPrinciplesofmedicalnutritiontheraphyAdult-onsetdiabetesthermalenergysupplyperday（therm/kgstandardweight）NutritionprinciplesofdiabeticsCalculationExercisetherapyDrugtherapySulfonylureas:modeofactionSulfonylureas（SU）：firstchoiceofnon-obesityT2DMTherapeuticeffectsofSUIndicationsandcontraindicationsofSUSideeffectsofSUBiguanides：firstchoiceofobesitytype2DMMechanismsofactionofbiguanidesindicationsandcontraindicationsofBiguanidesSideeffectsofBiguanidesInhibiting-glucosidaseDelayingthedigestionofglucose2hPGNotstimulatingthesecretionofInsulinTherapeuticeffectsofAcarboseIndicationsandcontraindicationsofα-glucosidaseinhibitorsthiazolidinedion（