INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.doc
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INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM INDUSTRY.doc

INTRODUCTIONTOPETROLEUMINDUSTRY.doc

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IntroductiontopetroleumindustryIntroduction:Petroleumindustryplaysconsiderablyrolesinourdailylivesandotherindustry.Thisindustrycanmainlybedividedintoupstreamsector,midstreamsectoranddownstreamsector.Today,manygiantoilcompanies,suchasPetrochina,SinopecandCNOOC,extracthugeamountofoilfromundergroundreservoirsinChina.Mostcrudeoilandnaturalgasoriginatefromplantandanimallifethatthrivedmillionsofyearsagoinswampsandoceans.Theseorganicmaterialsweredepositedwithmudandsiltfromstreamsandrivers.Thesedimentseventuallyhardenedtoformsedimentaryrock.Heatandpressuretransformedthesoftpartsoftheplantsandanimalsintosoild,liquidorgaseoushydrocarbonsknownasfossilfuels-coal,crudeoilornaturalgas.Withtheindustryboomingbothonshoreandoffshore,manyconcernsfromthepublicarefocusedontheenvironmentalprotectioninpetroleumindustry.Fortunately,technologicalinnovation,extensivetrainingandstringentregulationsareusedtominimizetheimpactsonpeople,animals,soil,airandwater.IntroductiontopetroleumindustryThreeMainComponentsoftheIndustryToday,theupstreamsectorincludesmorethan1000explorationandproductioncompaniesaswellashundredsofassociatedbusinesssuchasseismicanddrillingcontractors,serciverigoperators,engineeringfirmsandvariousscienfic,technical,serviceandsupplycompanies.Themidstreamsectorincludesoilandgaspipelinesystemsthatconnectproducingandconsumingareas.Otherfacilitiesextractsulphurandnaturalgasliquids,storeoilandgasproductsandtransportproductsbytruck,railortanker.Thedownstreamsectorconsistsofrefineries,gasdistributionutilities,oilproductwholesalers,servicestationsandpetrochemicalcompanies.FindingOilandNaturalGasExploration—TheSearchforPetroleum.Earthscientistsinthepetroleumindustry,includinggeologists,geophysists,geochemistsandpaleontologists,studywhathashappenedtorocksthatmaybeburiedthousandsofmerersbelowthesurface,howthoserockswereformedandaffectedbyeventsstretchingbackmillionsofyears,andhowtoidentifytrapswhereoilandgashaveaccumulatedwithinrockformations.Atraprequiresthreeelements:aporousreser