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在线学英语体验请申请：HYPERLINK"http://www.rockyclass.com/ielts/xd.html"www.rockyclass.com/ielts/xd.html洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Passage1Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld`sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy(占有)ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper(繁荣);theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althou
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