托福考试语法指导：分词及真题要点解析托福考试语法指导：分词常考题型及解题要点1.分词具有形容词特征，可单独作定语或表语。(1)ThehighlyrespectzoologistErnestJustJoinedtherulingboardoftheMarineBiologicalLaboratoryinthe1930*s(93.1)［答案］B动词respect用来修饰后面的名词zoologist，故应改用分词respected形式，其作用相当于形容词作定语。(2)Apatentgivesinventorsexclusiverightstotheirinventionsforafixperiodoftime.(90.1)［答］C修饰保词period应用动词的分词形式，即fixed。(3)CharacteristicsofOpArtarethecarefullyarrangehuesandgeometricpatternsthatcreateopticalillusions.(88.5)［答案］A修饰名词hues，应用分词形式arranged。(4)ThequestionoftheoriginoftheMoonisinterestnotonlyinitselfbutalsoasapartofthelargergenesisoftheearthandthesolarsystem。(88.5)［答案］Binterest应用其分词interesting形式作表语，作用相当于一个形空词。2.分词短语作定语，放置于中心名词后面解题要点分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中出现频率非常高。因而，考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。实际上，分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。全真例题分析(1)Theleavesandstemsoftheaifaifaplantaretheonlypartsoftheplant-------(A)theusesforlivestockfeed(B)forusinglivestockfeed(C)usedforlivestockfeed(D)theyareusedforlivestockfeed(93.1)［答案］C过去分词used+介语短语组成的分词短语修饰前面的名词成分theonlypartsoftheplant，作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(thatare)usedforlivestockfeed(2)Theslideruleusedslidingscaleswithmarks-------numbersandtheirlogarithms。(A)representing(B)represented(C)arerepresented(D)theyarerepresenting(92.10)［答案］A分词短语作名词marks的后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句：whichrepresentnumbersandtheirlogarithms。(3)Earlgphilosophersbelievethatthemindwasdividedintothreefaculties-------sfeeling，intellectandwill(A)toknow(B)known(C)knowing(D)knewthem(94.1)［答案］B分词短语knownas…说明前面的名词threefaculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Whichareknownas…(4)ThebisonknowforthehumpoveritsshouldersisusuallycalledabuffaloinNorthAmerica.(91.1)［答案］A此句主语是Thebison，谓语是系词is，划线A部分应当为分词短语，修饰名词Thebison.A应改为knownfor。(5)LouisaMayAlcottischieflyrememberedforLittleWomen.Oneofthemostpopulargirlsbookseverwrote(88.5)［答案］D修饰名词books应用分词生语everwritten。3.分词短语作状语解题要点在句了意义非常清楚明确时，状语从句通常可以简略为分词短语，但有一个先决条件。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为同一人或物，此类分词短语通常置于句首。全真例题分析(1)-------as“thecensustakerofthesky”AnnieJumpCannoncontributedconsiderablytothefieldofast