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英美文学名词解释TermsinEnglishandAmericanLiterature1、Aestheticism/theAestheticismMovement(唯美主义)AEuropeanphenomenonduringthemiddleofthe19thcenturythathaditschiefheadquartersinFrance、ThismovementwasintroducedtolateVictorianEnglandmainlyWalterPaterasareactionagainstthematerialismandmercialismofanindustrializedsociety、ItwasalsoareactionagainsttheVictorianconventionofartformorality’ssake,orartformoney’ssake、Themajortenetsofthismovementincludethebeliefintheautonomyofaworkofart,theemphasisoncraftandartistry--thetheoryof“artforart’ssake”、ThemostoutstandingVictorianrepresentativesofthismovementincludedOscarWilde、2、Allegory(寓言)Ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities、Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning、ﻫ寓言:用诗歌或散文讲得故事,在这个故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象得概念或道德品质。所有得寓言都就是一个具有双重意义、文学内涵或象征意义得故事。Alliteration(头韵)ﻫItistherepetitionofthesameinitialconsonantsoundwithinalineoragroupofwordsinpoetry、InOldEnglishalliterativemeter,alliterationistheprincipalorganizingdeviceoftheverseline,suchasinBeowulf、头韵:在一组词得开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音得重复。Allusion:Areferencetoaperson,aplace,anevent,oraliteraryworkthatawriterexpectsthereadertorecognizeandrespondto、Anallusionmaybedrawnfromhistory,geography,literature,orreligion、典故:文学作品中作家希望读者能够认识或做出反应得一个人物、地点、事件或文学作品。典故或来自历史、地理、文学或宗教。5、AmericanNaturalism(美国自然主义)TheAmericannaturalismacceptedthemorenegativeinterpretationofDarwin’sevolutionarytheoryandusedittoaccountforthebehaviorofthosecharactersinliteraryworkswhowereregardedasmoreorlessplexbinationsofinheritedattributes,theirhabitswereconditionedbysocialandeconomicforces、Americannaturalismwasevolvedfromrealismwhentheauthor’stoneinwritingbecamelessseriousandlesssympatheticbutmoreironicandmorepessimistic、Itwasnomorethanagloomyphilosophicalapproachtoreality,ortohumanexistence、Dreiserwasaleadingfigureofthisschool、6、AmericanPuritanism(美国清教主义)PuritanismisthepracticesandbeliefsofthePuritans、TheAmericanpuritans,liketheirEnglishbrothers,areidealists、They