N09P2-suggestedanswersinbrief1(a)A:mRNA(1)B:protein/polypeptidebeingsynthesized(1)C:lumenofcisternaofroughendoplasmicreticulum(1)1(b)locationribosomepresentribosomeabsentnucleus√chloroplast√vacuole√mitochondria√1(c)•Allowstransportoflargeproteinintothecellwhichcannottransversethehydrophobiccoreofthephosphilipidbilayerofthecellmembrane;•Channelproteincanallowtheproteinbeingsynthesizedtobindtoit;•Channelproteincanholdtheribosomesinposition(theribosome-channeljunctionmayallowthedirecttransferofpolypeptidesintothelumenviathechannel);1(d)•Proteinsattachedtotheendoplasmicreticulumwillenterthelumenofthecisternaoftheroughendoplasmicreticulum;•andthenwillbetransportedviaatransportvesiclewhichwillfusewiththe‘cis’faceoftheGolgiapparatus;•Asecretoryvesiclecontainingtheproteinwillbudofffromthe‘trans’faceoftheGolgiapparatusand;•fusewiththecellsurfacemembrane,releasingtheproteincontentofthevesiclebyexocytosis;•MicrotubulesdirectthemovementofthetransportvesicletotheGolgiapparatusandthesecretoryvesicletothecellsurfacemembrane.1(e)Theysecreteproteinsviaproteinchannelsontheircellsurfacemembrane.2(a)1TheFplasmidissmallerandhasfewergenescomparedtothebacteriachromosome.2Therearesomegeneswhichcanbefoundintheplasmidbutnotinthebacterialchromosomeeg.antibioticresistantgene.3ThebacterialchromosomecontainsgenesresponsiblefortheproductionofenzymesforcellmetabolismwhereasthisisnotfoundintheFplasmid.2(b)(i)ConjugationinvolvescontactbetweenF+cellandanF-cellviatheformationofasexpili.AsinglestrandofplasmidDNAistransferredthroughthesexpili.ThesinglestrandofplasmidDNAineachcellservesastemplatefortheformationofadouble-strandedDNA.2(b)(ii)BacterialtransformationinvolvesthetakingupofforeignDNAfromitssurroundingenvironmentbyacompetentbacterialcellandincorporatingitintoitsownDNA.Thischangesitsgenotypeandphenotype.2(c)Therecipientbacteriamaybenefitbyconferringantibioticresistance/xenobioticresistance.Therecipientbacteriamaygaintheabilitytouseanewmetaboli