Unit2IndividualsandMassesAmanorwomanmakesdirectcontactwithsocietyintwoways:asamemberofsomefamilial,professionalorreligiousgroup,orasamemberofacrowd.Groupsarecapableofbeingasmoralandintelligentastheindividualswhoformthem;acrowdischaotic,hasnopurposeofitsownandiscapableofanythingexceptintelligentactionandrealisticthinking.Assembledinacrowd,peoplelosetheirpowersofreasoningandtheircapacityformoralchoice.Theirsuggestibilityisincreasedtothepointwheretheyceasetohaveanyjudgementorwilloftheirown.Theybecomeveryexcitable,theyloseallsenseofindividualorcollectiveresponsibility,theyaresubjectto易于…;遵守…suddenexcesses过度ofrage,enthusiasmandpanic.Inaword,amaninacrowdbehavesasthoughhehadswallowedalargedoseofsomepowerfulintoxicant.HeisavictimofwhatIhavecalled'herd-poisoning'.Likealcohol,herd-poisonisanactive,extravagant过度的，奢侈的drug.Thecrowd-intoxicatedindividualescapesfromresponsibility,intelligenceandmoralityintoakindoffrantic,animalmindlessness.人们通过两种方式与社会直接联系：作为家庭、职业或者宗教组织的成员，或者是某个群体的成员。组织与组成他们的个体有一样的道德和智慧，群体是混乱的，没有自己的目的而且只能做除了明智行动和理性思考之外的事。组成群体的人们，失去了他们推理的力量和道德选择的能力，他们的暗示感受性提高到了停止有任何判断或有自己的意志的地步，变得极易兴奋，丢掉了所有的个人感受和集体责任，易于突然的暴怒、狂热和极度恐惧。总之，身处群体的人表现得就好像吞了大剂量的烈性麻醉品，成了被称之为群体中毒的受害者。和酒精一样，群体毒药是一种极度兴奋的药物。被这种群体药物麻醉的人逃避责任，不愿动脑子，失去道德感，变得和疯狂的动物一样盲目。Readingisaprivate,notacollectiveactivity.Thewriterspeaksonlytoindividuals,sittingbythemselvesinastateofnormalsobriety.Theoratorspeakstomassesofindividuals,alreadywell-primedwithherd-poison.Theyareathismercyand,ifheknowshisbusiness,hecandowhathelikeswiththem.阅读是一种个人而非集体的思维活动，作者仅对身处一种普遍冷静状态的人叙述。而演讲者对大量已经被群体毒药灌满的人演说，如果演讲者知道这个群体在他的控制下，他就可以利用他们做事。Unlikethemasses,intellectualshaveatastefor喜欢rationalityandaninterestinfacts.Theircriticalhabitofmindmakesthemresistanttothekindofpropagandathatworkssowellonthemajority.Intellectualsarethekindofpeoplewhodemandevidenceandareshockedbylogicalinconsistenciesandfallacies谬误，错误，翻译成欺骗性略不妥.Theyregardover-simplificationastheoriginalsinofthemindandhavenousefor根据书后注释，短语意为不喜欢，轻视。此处翻译不妥theslogans,theunqualifiedas